JS Reference

Html events, html objects, other references, javascript string touppercase().

Convert to uppercase:

Definition and Usage

The toUpperCase() method converts a string to uppercase letters.

The toUpperCase() method does not change the original string.

The toLowerCase() Method

The toLocaleLowerCase() Method

The toLocaleUpperCase() Method

Return Value

Related pages.

JavaScript Strings

JavaScript String Methods

JavaScript String Search

Browser Support

toUpperCase() is an ECMAScript1 (ES1) feature.

ES1 (JavaScript 1997) is fully supported in all browsers:

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How to change font inside a javascript code

I am a newbie in programming. I have here my javascript code. Its working fine but I want a different style.

this code is a random quote generator.

For example, the above code will generate random quotes. Now how do i change the font family as a result of clicking the button from this code?

Thanks in advance.

Lloyd Celeste's user avatar

4 Answers 4

Looking at this:

You have no function set to onclick. Do something like:

changeFont:

Cilan's user avatar

Some things to improve:

To dynamically set the font, you could reserve a few CSS classes to choose from, even randomly.

Here is how it could work:

function displayQuote() { var theQuote= [ "Whenever you see a successful business, someone once made a courageous decision. - Peter Drucker", "If you're not part of the solution, you're part of the problem. - African Proverb", "When you confront a problem you begin to solve it. - Rudy Giuliani", "I dream of painting and then I paint my dream. - Vincent Van Gogh", "Be silent or let thy words be worth more than silence. - Pythagoras", "The past cannot be changed. The future is yet in your power. - Mary Pickford", "Anything's possible if you've got enough nerve. - J.K. Rowling" ]; var quoteNum = Math.floor(Math.random() * theQuote.length); var clsName = "special" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 3); // choose random font style quote.textContent = theQuote[quoteNum]; quote.className = clsName; } next.onclick = displayQuote; // execute on click displayQuote(); // execute on page load .shareButton { background-color:blue; width:200; height:70 } .inspireButton { background-color:lightgreen; width:230; height:70; border: none; font: bold 25px GreatVibes; } .special0 { font-family: Georgia; font-size: 24px; color: #444; } .special1 { font-family: Calibri; font-size: 32px; color: #844; } .special2 { font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 28px; color: #484; } <div id="quote"> </div> <div> <button id="next" class="inspireButton">Inspire Me More!</button> </div>

trincot's user avatar

As you are new, it's best not to pick up bad habits which, unfortunately is easy to do because so much of the code out there is just copied and pasted by folks who don't know any better, so:

Try not to write inline styles or inline event handlers like this:

As you can see, it makes the code difficult to read as there are 3 languages in that one element!

Instead, separate your languages into their own sections, or even files.

With regard to CSS styles, it would be better to define CSS classes ahead of time and then just switch to the class you need, rather than write all that inline CSS.

You also have some errors in your code.

So, here's an updated version of your code that also changes the font. Make sure to review the comments for details.

<html> <head> <title>Daily Quotes</title> <style> /* We'll separate the CSS into this section and prepare pre-made classes for styles. See how much cleaner this is, not only here but in the HTML as well? */ button { background-color:lightgreen; width:230;height:70; border: none; font: bold 25px GreatVibes; } .share { background-color:blue; width:200px; /* Don't forget to add the unit */ height:70px; /* Don't forget to add the unit */ } #output { /* Now, just the output area has its own style! */ font-family: fantasy; } </style> </head> <body> <!-- All your content must be between the opening and closing body tags. --> <h1>Inspirational Quotes</h1> <div> <button>Inspire Me More!</button> </div> <div> <button class="share">Share</button> <img src="images/bg.jpg" id="bg" alt="change letter javascript"> </div> <!-- Don't use document.write() to inject content into a page. Instead, prepare an element ahead of time that you will update later. --> <div id="output"></div> <!-- Place your script tags just before the closing of the body tag. That way, you can be sure that any HTML element you reference in the script has already been read into memory. --> <script> // First, get references to the HTML elements you'll want to work with: var btn = document.querySelector("button"); var out = document.getElementById("output"); // Then, set up your event handlers in JavaScript, not in HTML btn.addEventListener("click", getQuote); function getQuote(){ // Here's a simpler way to set up an array: var theQuotes= [ 'Whenever you see a successful business, someone once made a courageous decision. - Peter Drucker', 'If you\'re not part of the solution, you\'re part of the problem. - African Proverb', 'When you confront a problem you begin to solve it. - Rudy Giuliani', 'Dream of painting and then I paint my dream. - Vincent Van Gogh', 'Be silent or let thy words be worth more than silence. - Pythagoras', 'The past cannot be changed. The future is yet in your power. - Mary Pickford', 'Anything\'s possible if you\'ve got enough nerve. - J.K. Rowling' ]; // You only want your radom number to be from 0 to the amount of the quotes array -1 var quoteNum = Math.floor(Math.random() * theQuotes.length); // Now, just update the prexisting element: output.textContent = theQuotes[quoteNum]; } </script> </body> </html>

Scott Marcus's user avatar

in short, here is working example: <body onload="generateRandomQuote()"> <h1>Inspirational Quotes</h1> <div id="quote-holder" style="font-family: sans-serif; color: red;"> </div> <div> <button style="background-color: lightgreen; width:230px; height:70px; border: none; font: bold 25px GreatVibes;" onclick="generateRandomQuote()">Inspire Me More!</button> </div> <button style="background-color: blue; width: 200px; height: 70px" onclick="">Share</button> <img src="images/bg.jpg" id="bg" alt="change letter javascript"> <script> var quoteHolder = document.getElementById('quote-holder'); var theQuote = [ 'Whenever you see a successful business, someone once made a courageous decision. - Peter Drucker', 'If you\'re not part of the solution, you\'re part of the problem. - African Proverb', 'When you confront a problem you begin to solve it. - Rudy Giuliani', 'I dream of painting and then I paint my dream. - Vincent Van Gogh', 'Be silent or let thy words be worth more than silence. - Pythagoras', 'The past cannot be changed. The future is yet in your power. - Mary Pickford', 'Anything\'s possible if you\'ve got enough nerve. - J.K. Rowling' ]; function generateRandomQuote() { var quoteIndex = Math.floor((Math.random() * theQuote.length)); quoteHolder.innerHTML = theQuote[ quoteIndex ]; } </script> </body>

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// Tutorial //

How to index, split, and manipulate strings in javascript.

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By Tania Rascia

How To Index, Split, and Manipulate Strings in JavaScript

Introduction

A string is a sequence of one or more characters that may consist of letters, numbers, or symbols. Each character in a JavaScript string can be accessed by an index number, and all strings have methods and properties available to them.

In this tutorial, we will learn the difference between string primitives and the String object, how strings are indexed, how to access characters in a string, and common properties and methods used on strings.

String Primitives and String Objects

First, we will clarify the two types of strings. JavaScript differentiates between the string primitive , an immutable datatype, and the String object.

In order to test the difference between the two, we will initialize a string primitive and a string object.

We can use the typeof operator to determine the type of a value. In the first example, we simply assigned a string to a variable.

In the second example, we used new String() to create a string object and assign it to a variable.

Most of the time you will be creating string primitives. JavaScript is able to access and utilize the built-in properties and methods of the String object wrapper without actually changing the string primitive you’ve created into an object.

While this concept is a bit challenging at first, you should be aware of the distinction between primitive and object. Essentially, there are methods and properties available to all strings, and in the background JavaScript will perform a conversion to object and back to primitive every time a method or property is called.

How Strings are Indexed

Each of the characters in a string correspond to an index number, starting with 0 .

To demonstrate, we will create a string with the value How are you? .

The first character in the string is H , which corresponds to the index 0 . The last character is ? , which corresponds to 11 . The whitespace characters also have an index, at 3 and 7 .

Being able to access every character in a string gives us a number of ways to work with and manipulate strings.

Accessing Characters

We’re going to demonstrate how to access characters and indices with the How are you? string.

Using square bracket notation, we can access any character in the string.

We can also use the charAt() method to return the character using the index number as a parameter.

Alternatively, we can use indexOf() to return the index number by the first instance of a character.

Although “o” appears twice in the How are you? string, indexOf() will get the first instance.

lastIndexOf() is used to find the last instance.

For both of these methods, you can also search for multiple characters in the string. It will return the index number of the first character in the instance.

The slice() method, on the other hand, returns the characters between two index numbers. The first parameter will be the starting index number, and the second parameter will be the index number where it should end.

Note that 11 is ? , but ? is not part of the returned output. slice() will return what is between, but not including, the last parameter.

If a second parameter is not included, slice() will return everything from the parameter to the end of the string.

To summarize, charAt() and slice() will help return string values based on index numbers, and indexOf() and lastIndexOf() will do the opposite, returning index numbers based on the provided string characters.

Finding the Length of a String

Using the length property, we can return the number of characters in a string.

Remember that the length property is returning the actual number of characters starting with 1, which comes out to 12, not the final index number, which starts at 0 and ends at 11 .

Converting to Upper or Lower Case

The two built-in methods toUpperCase() and toLowerCase() are helpful ways to format text and make textual comparisons in JavaScript.

toUpperCase() will convert all characters to uppercase characters.

toLowerCase() will convert all characters to lowercase characters.

These two formatting methods take no additional parameters.

It is worth noting that these methods do not change the original string.

Splitting Strings

JavaScript has a very useful method for splitting a string by a character and creating a new array out of the sections. We will use the split() method to separate the array by a whitespace character, represented by " " .

Now that we have a new array in the splitString variable, we can access each section with an index number.

If an empty parameter is given, split() will create a comma-separated array with each character in the string.

By splitting strings you can determine how many words are in a sentence, and use the method as a way to determine people’s first names and last names, for example.

Trimming Whitespace

The JavaScript trim() method removes white space from both ends of a string, but not anywhere in between. Whitespace can be tabs or spaces.

The trim() method is a simple way to perform the common task of removing excess whitespace.

Finding and Replacing String Values

We can search a string for a value, and replace it with a new value using the replace() method. The first parameter will be the value to be found, and the second parameter will be the value to replace it with.

In addition to being able to replace a value with another string value, we can also use Regular Expressions to make replace() more powerful. For instance, replace() only affects the first value, but we can use the g (global) flag to catch all instances of a value, and the i (case insensitive) flag to ignore case.

This is a very common task that makes use of Regular Expressions. Visit Regexr to practice more examples of RegEx.

Strings are one of the most frequently used data types, and there is a lot we can do with them.

In this tutorial, we learned the difference between the string primitive and String object, how strings are indexed, and how to use the built-in methods and properties of strings to access characters, format text, and find and replace values.

For a more general overview on strings, read the tutorial “ How To Work with Strings in JavaScript .”

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I’m afraid there is a slight inaccuracy here: "If an empty parameter is given, split() will create a comma-separated array with each character in the string." This way split() creates an array with the string. And to create a comma-separated array with each character in the string we should use .split( '' ) .

Thank you very much. Your articles are very useful =)

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How to Capitalize the First Letter of Each Word in JavaScript – a JS Uppercase Tutorial

In this article, you are going to learn how to capitalize the first letter of any word in JavaScript. After that, you are going to capitalize the first letter of all words from a sentence.

The beautiful thing about programming is that there is no one universal solution to solve a problem. Therefore, in this article you are going to see multiple ways of solving the same problem.

Capitalize the first letter of a word

First of all, let's start with capitalizing the first letter of a single word. After you learn how to do this, we'll proceed to the next level – doing it on every word from a sentence. Here is an example:

In JavaScript, we start counting from 0. For instance, if we have an array, the first position is 0, not 1.

Also, we can access each letter from a String in the same way that we access an element from an array. For instance, the first letter from the word " freeCodeCamp " is at position 0.

This means that we can get the letter f from freeCodeCamp by doing publication[0] .

In the same way, you can access other letters from the word. You can replace "0" with any number, as long as you do not exceed the word length. By exceeding the word length, I mean trying to do something like publication[25 , which throws an error because there are only twelve letters in the word "freeCodeCamp".

How to capitalize the first letter

Now that we know how to access a letter from a word, let's capitalize it.

In JavaScript, we have a method called toUpperCase() , which we can call on strings, or words. As we can imply from the name, you call it on a string/word, and it is going to return the same thing but as an uppercase.

For instance:

Running the above code, you are going to get a capital F instead of f. To get the whole word back, we can do this:

Now it concatenates "F" with "reeCodeCamp", which means we get back the word "FreeCodeCamp". That is all!

Let's recap

To be sure things are clear, let's recap what we've learnt so far:

Capitalize the first letter of each word from a string

The next step is to take a sentence and capitalize every word from that sentence. Let's take the following sentence:

Split it into words

We have to capitalize the first letter from each word from the sentence freeCodeCamp is an awesome resource .

The first step we take is to split the sentence into an array of words. Why? So we can manipulate each word individually. We can do that as follows:

Iterate over each word

After we run the above code, the variable words is assigned an array with each word from the sentence. The array is as follows ["freeCodeCamp", "is", "an", "awesome", "resource"] .

Now the next step is to loop over the array of words and capitalize the first letter of each word.

In the above code, every word is taken separately. Then it capitalizes the first letter, and in the end, it concatenates the capitalized first letter with the rest of the string.

Join the words

What is the above code doing? It iterates over each word, and it replaces it with the uppercase of the first letter + the rest of the string.

If we take "freeCodeCamp" as an example, it looks like this freeCodeCamp = F + reeCodeCamp .

After it iterates over all the words, the words array is ["FreeCodeCamp", "Is", "An", "Awesome", "Resource"] . However, we have an array, not a string, which is not what we want.

The last step is to join all the words to form a sentence. So, how do we do that?

In JavaScript, we have a method called join , which we can use to return an array as a string. The method takes a separator as an argument. That is, we specify what to add between words, for example a space.

In the above code snippet, we can see the join method in action. We call it on the words array, and we specify the separator, which in our case is a space.

Therefore, ["FreeCodeCamp", "Is", "An", "Awesome", "Resource"] becomes FreeCodeCamp Is An Awesome Resource .

Other methods

In programming, usually, there are multiple ways of solving the same problem. So let's see another approach.

What is the difference between the above solution and the initial solution? The two solutions are very similar, the difference being that in the second solution we are using the map function, whereas in the first solution we used a for loop .

Let's go even further, and try to do a one-liner . Be aware! One line solutions might look cool, but in the real world they are rarely used because it is challenging to understand them. Code readability always comes first.

The above code uses RegEx to transform the letters. The RegEx might look confusing, so let me explain what happens:

Thus, with one line, we accomplished the same thing we accomplished in the above solutions. If you want to play around with the RegEx and to learn more, you can use this website .

Congratulations, you learnt a new thing today! To recap, in this article, you learnt how to:

Thanks for reading! If you want to keep in touch, let's connect on Twitter @catalinmpit . I also publish articles regularly on my blog catalins.tech if you want to read more content from me.

Developer. Content creator. Technical writer You can find me hanging around at https://catalins.tech

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change letter javascript

Level Up Coding

Erica N

Mar 11, 2020

Member-only

JavaScript Algorithm: Letter Changes

For today’s algorithm, we are going to write a function called LetterChanges that will take one string, str as input.

You are given a string and for each string given you modify it by replacing each letter to the letter that goes after it in the alphabet. You change only the alphabetical characters. After replacing all the necessary letters, you then take all the vowels from that newly created string and capitalize them. The function will return the string after all the changes.

Let’s use an example:

For our input string, we change all of our alphabetical characters (leaving the *3 alone) to the letter that comes after it in the alphabet, our string becomes:

Then we go back and find all the vowels, if any, in our new string and capitalize them. In the end, our function will return:

Now we proceed to turn this into code.

First, we create a variable called strArray . With this variable, we convert our string input into an array. We first use the toLowerCase() method to lowercase our string before we split the characters to create our array.

Next, we create another variable called letterChange . This variable holds our string after changing each letter to the letter following it in the alphabet. To iterate through the array we use the Array map() method.

The map method allows us to iterate through an array and use our callback function on every element on the array.

Inside our callback function, we use a combination of String.fromCharCode() and charCodeAt() to get the Unicode value for each character and the character associated with a specific Unicode value. We only want to change the letters that are a-z (not A-Z, capitalized letters have different Unicode values). Any Unicode value that doesn’t translate to those characters we leave alone. If we look at an ASCII table, these non-alphabetical (and capitalized alphabetical letters) characters have Unicode values that are less than 97 or greater than 122.

To get the next letter in the alphabet we first have to get the Unicode value of the current character and add 1. We retrieve the index of the current character to use inside the charCodeAt() method. String.fromCharCode() will give us the character associated with that Unicode value.

Now we have our string (still in array form) of our modified characters but we are not done. The next thing is checking the string for any vowels so we can capitalize them.

We use the map method one more time to iterate and modify the letterChange array variable again but this time to include the capitalized vowels.

Inside our map method, we use a method from the regular expression object called test() . What test() does is it searches for a match between the regular expression and the input string and if the regular expression pattern exists in the string the method will output true. If not, false.

We use our regular expression pattern /[aeiou]/ to see if each character is a vowel. If it is, we simply use the toUpperCase() method to capitalize it. If the character is not a vowel or a letter at all, return the character as is.

Now that we are done, we can return our letterChange variable but first, we join it so we can return it as a string.

And that concludes our code. There are probably some parts that could use some improvements but again, this is one way to solve this. Here is the rest of the code:

If you found this algorithm helpful, check out my other recent JavaScript algorithm solutions:

JavaScript Algorithm: Alternating Characters

For today’s algorithm, we are going to write a function called alternatingcharacters that will take one string, s as…, javascript algorithm: introduction, today’s algorithm will be a simple short one but we are going to write a function called intro that will take in an….

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JavaScript Algorithm: Beautiful Days at the Movies

For today’s algorithm, we are going to write a function called beautifuldays that will take in three integers as…, more from level up coding.

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Change every letter to next letter - JavaScript

We are required to write a JavaScript function that takes in a string and changes every letter of the string from the English alphabets to its succeeding element.

For example: If the string is −

Then the output should be −

Following is the code −

Following is the output in the console −

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How to replace character inside a string in JavaScript

Topic: JavaScript / jQuery Prev | Next

Answer: Use the JavaScript replace() method

You can use the JavaScript replace() method to replace the occurrence of any character in a string. However, the replace() will only replace the first occurrence of the specified character. To replace all the occurrence you can use the global ( g ) modifier. The following example will show you how to replace all underscore ( _ ) character in a string with hyphen ( - ).

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JavaScript Change Text

This tutorial will discuss how to change text of an element using the textContent property and createTextNode() function in JavaScript.

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Change Text of an Element Using the textContent Property in JavaScript

Change text of an element using the createtextnode() function in javascript.

If you want to append the new text with the old text, you need to get that element using its id or class name and then using the createTextNode() function, you can create a node of the new text and using the appendChild() function you can append the new text with the old text. If an id or class name is not specified, you can use the id or class attribute to give the element an id or class name. Ensure the id or class name is unique; otherwise, any element having the same id will also be changed. For example, let’s create a text element using the span tag and append its text using the createTextNode() function in JavaScript. See the code below.

Hello! I am Ammar Ali, a programmer here to learn from experience, people, and docs, and create interesting and useful programming content. I mostly create content about Python, Matlab, and Microcontrollers like Arduino and PIC.

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Related Articles

How to make first letter of a string uppercase in JavaScript ?

In this article, we will convert the first letter of a string to uppercase in Javascript. 

There are a number of ways to capitalize the first letter of the string in JavaScript . 

JavaScript toUpperCase() Function : This function applies on a string and changes all letters to uppercase. 

JavaScript slice() Function : This function applies to a string and slices it according to the passed parameter. 

Example: This example uses the slice() method to convert the first letter to uppercase.

JavaScript charAt() Function : This charAt() function returns the character at a given position in the string. 

Example: This example uses charAT() method to make the first letter of a string uppercase.

JavaScript replace() Function : This is a built-in function in JavaScript that is used to replace a slice of a string with another string or a regular expression. The original string will not be affected. 

The below examples show the conversion to uppercase using the above-described methods.

Example: This example uses string.replace() method to make the first letter of a string uppercase.

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How to change Text in Paragraph using JavaScript?

Javascript – change text in paragraph.

To change the text in a paragraph using JavaScript, get reference to the paragraph element, and assign new text as string value to the innerHTML property of the paragraph element.

Change text in Paragraph using JavaScript

This is a paragraph.

In this JavaScript Tutorial , we learned how to change the text in a paragraph using JavaScript.

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COMMENTS

  1. How do I replace a character at a particular index in JavaScript?

    In JavaScript, strings are immutable, which means the best you can do is to create a new string with the changed content and assign the variable to point to it. You'll need to define the replaceAt () function yourself:

  2. JavaScript String replace() Method

    Definition and Usage The replace () method searches a string for a value or a regular expression. The replace () method returns a new string with the value (s) replaced. The replace () method does not change the original string. Note If you replace a value, only the first instance will be replaced.

  3. JavaScript String toUpperCase() Method

    The toUpperCase () method converts a string to uppercase letters. The toUpperCase () method does not change the original string. See Also: The toLowerCase () Method The toLocaleLowerCase () Method The toLocaleUpperCase () Method Syntax string .toUpperCase () Parameters NONE Return Value Related Pages JavaScript Strings JavaScript String Methods

  4. How to change the specific character in a string in Javascript

    In JavaScript, strings are immutable, meaning that they cannot be changed in place. Even though you can read each character of a string, you cannot write to it. You can solve the problem with a regular expression replace: output = input.replace (/a/g, '4').replace (/i/g, '1');

  5. How to change font inside a javascript code

    That way, you can be sure that any HTML element you reference in the script has already been read into memory. --> <script> // First, get references to the HTML elements you'll want to work with: var btn = document.querySelector("button"); var out = document.getElementById("output"); // Then, set up your event handlers in JavaScript, not in ...

  6. How To Index, Split, and Manipulate Strings in JavaScript

    Finding the Length of a String. Using the length property, we can return the number of characters in a string. Remember that the length property is returning the actual number of characters starting with 1, which comes out to 12, not the final index number, which starts at 0 and ends at 11.

  7. JavaScript toLowerCase()

    Strings in JavaScript are immutable. The toLowerCase () method converts the string specified into a new one that consists of only lowercase letters and returns that value. It means that the old, original string is not changed or affected in any way. let myGreeting = 'Hey there!'; console.log (myGreeting.toLowerCase ()); //output //hey there!

  8. How to Capitalize the First Letter of Each Word in JavaScript

    Use the built-in method toUpperCase () on the letter you want to transform to uppercase. Capitalize the first letter of each word from a string The next step is to take a sentence and capitalize every word from that sentence. Let's take the following sentence: const mySentence = "freeCodeCamp is an awesome resource"; Split it into words

  9. JavaScript Algorithm: Letter Changes

    For our input string, we change all of our alphabetical characters (leaving the *3 alone) to the letter that comes after it in the alphabet, our string becomes: ifmmp*3. Then we go back and find all the vowels, if any, in our new string and capitalize them. In the end, our function will return: Ifmmp*3. Now we proceed to turn this into code.

  10. Change every letter to next letter

    We are required to write a JavaScript function that takes in a string and changes every letter of the string from the English alphabets to its succeeding element. For example: If the string is − const str = 'how are you'; Then the output should be − const output = 'ipx bsf zpv' Example Following is the code −

  11. How to replace character inside a string in JavaScript

    Related FAQ. Here are some more FAQ related to this topic: How to remove white space from a string using jQuery; How to find substring between the two words using jQuery

  12. How to change the text of a label using JavaScript

    Approach: Create a label element and assign an id to that element. Define a button that is used to call a function. It acts as a switch to change the text in the label element. Define a javaScript function, that will update the label text. Use the innerHTML property to change the text inside the label.

  13. JavaScript Change Text

    Change Text of an Element Using the createTextNode () Function in JavaScript. If you want to append the new text with the old text, you need to get that element using its id or class name and then using the createTextNode () function, you can create a node of the new text and using the appendChild () function you can append the new text with ...

  14. How to make first letter of a string uppercase in JavaScript

    There are a number of ways to capitalize the first letter of the string in JavaScript . Using toUpperCase () method Using slice () method Using charAt () method Using replace () method JavaScript toUpperCase () Function: This function applies on a string and changes all letters to uppercase. Syntax: string.toUpperCase ()

  15. How to change Text in Paragraph using JavaScript?

    JavaScript - Change Text in Paragraph. To change the text in a paragraph using JavaScript, get reference to the paragraph element, and assign new text as string value to the innerHTML property of the paragraph element. Example