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162 Best Linguistics Research Topics for College Students

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Not sure how to find the best Linguistics Research Topics? Check out this post to find out the best ways to do so!

The study paper on linguistics is the independently published research paper demonstrating a student’s ability to evaluate language literature (words, idioms, phrases). Essentially, it is the final step of any language course that comprises the theoretical and practical information acquired during research.

Your linguistic research paper is not suggested solely to the theoretical basis. A specific statement considers the selected linguistic issue as well as explains the findings using specific instruments: approach, testing methodology, etc. Your research and conclusions are the solutions to a scientific problem except when a quotation is correctly issued from works by other scientists.

Linguistics Research Paper Topics List

Some students find it difficult to come up with Linguistics Research Topics to investigate as well as write about. This is because linguistics is fascinating to study but difficult to write papers and essays on. So, here is a list of linguistics study topics to consider if you’re looking for inspiration for your paper or essay.

Linguistics Research Topics

Discourse Studies Linguistic Research Topics

If a learner’s interest is piqued, they should choose a linguistics subject from this category. This is because writing a great paper or essay necessitates a student’s exploration of a subject that interests them. Essentially, a student should conduct research as well as write about what they enjoy.

Linguistic Research Topics on Discourse Studies

Linguistic Research Topics on Discourse Studies for Exam

Linguistic Research Ideas of Interest

Some linguistics topics are particularly fascinating to investigate. Also, the majority of people in society would enjoy reading about these concepts. The bulk of the subjects in this group have something to do with language as well as culture. Hence, students will select from a selection of the most important linguistics subjects for their papers and essays.

Interesting Linguistic Research Topics and Ideas

Linguistic Research Topics and Ideas for Assignments

Topics for Applied Linguistics Papers

Applied linguistics aims to find useful language solutions to real-world problems. These are also excellent linguistics dissertation subjects. This is because writing excellent papers necessitates rigorous study and fact analysis. So, if you’re having trouble coming up with a dissertation subject, consider one of these applied linguistics study topics. The following are some of the best linguistics research topics to include in this category. Also, We offer the best Linguistics assignment help services at affordable prices.

Applied Linguistics Research Paper Topics

Read also: 136 BUSINESS RESEARCH TOPICS- EASY AND SCORING FOR THE STUDENTS

Topics for Linguistics Essays

Maybe you’re looking for a list of English linguistics research topics to choose from for your paper as well as that impresses your audience. In that case, take a look at these fantastic linguistics research proposal subjects. Our professionals will ensure your  English assignment  is error-free.

Linguistics Essay Research Topics

History of Linguistics Research Topics

Individuals, history, trends, as well as developments over time are all fascinatingly detailed in this study. Therefore, we have listed some of the best linguistics subjects to think about if you’re looking for anything to do with the history of linguistics.

Amazing History Linguistics Research Topics

Read more topics: Interesting History Research Topics You Might Consider

So, these are excellent subjects for research papers. They may, however, be Ph.D. thesis topics in linguistics, requiring students to perform a thorough and comprehensive study. The most important thing is to collect new and interesting knowledge that will pique the readers’ attention. If still have any confusion, You may visit the best assignment help in USA website: greatassignmenthelp.com

language development research paper topics

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Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms of Language Comprehension and Production

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Top 130+ Linguistics Research Topics for College Students

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Linguistics is not as easy as you think. It is one of the challenging subjects that focus on the systematic study of the structure and evolution of language and the ways humans use it. The field of linguistics covers wide areas such as syntax, semantics, phonetics, phonology and morphology. When a field of study is vast, then obviously choosing the best Linguistics Research Topics would be difficult.

If you want to complete research on any concepts from the field of linguistics, then as a researcher you will have to determine the interplay between sound and meaning. In linguistics, you need to analyze the language form, language in context and language meaning. The typical linguistics research paper should cover

Linguistics Research Topics

Linguistics is an interesting course to study, but when it comes to writing a research paper or essay on the concepts of linguistics, it is tedious to complete because it requires a lot of practical approaches for evaluating a linguistic issue or a topic. More than analysis and execution, choosing the right linguistics research or dissertation topic is one of the crucial parts of writing a linguistics research paper.

List of 100 Linguistics Research Topics

We know that finding a linguistics research paper topic is difficult. So, in order to make your searching process easier, here we have shared the list of top linguistic research topics for you to consider.

Linguistics Research Topics

History of Language Research Topics

Argumentative College Linguistics Research Topics

Read more: Argumentative Essay Topics That You Must Consider

Sociolinguistic Linguistics Research Paper Topics

Linguistics Research Topics on Politics

Read more: Political Science Research Topics To Write About

Linguistics Research Topics on Language Disorders

Linguistics Research Topics on Translation

Linguistics Research Topics on Semantics

 Popular Linguistics Research Topics

Latest Linguistics Research Topics

Excellent Linguistics Research Topics

Wrapping Up

Out of the various linguistics research paper topics suggested in this blog post, you can choose a topic matching your interest. If you choose a unique topic that has a wide scope of discussion, then your chance of getting top grades will be high.

It is a big trouble to come up with an original research topic and write a linguistics research paper. So, in order to pick the right linguistics research paper topic, first, brainstorm ideas on your own and with your friends. Next, identify a broad topic and note down the subtopics on it. Then, refer to other linguistic research paper topics for inspiration. Finally, choose a research topic that interests you and meets your assignment criteria.

If you struggle to find a unique linguistic research topic, then reach out to us for linguistics assignment help. Our team of professional assignment helper who have strong linguistics knowledge will assist you to complete your linguistic research paper and get good grades.

language development research paper topics

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150 Impressive Funny Speech Topics and Ideas To Consider

225 captivating world history topics to consider for writing academic papers, 160 excellent ap research topics that will boost your scores, top 120 geology research topics and ideas to consider, 170 top trending group discussion topics and ideas, literary techniques | improve your writing skills to gain good grades, what is criminology | is it the right career choice for aspirants, bachelor of arts in australia | find the best career opportunities, english techniques | the most helpful techniques to learn in australia, poetic devices | know the secrets of poems with poetic examples, get help instantly.

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Language Development

Language is one of the most remarkable developmental accomplishments of early childhood. Language connects us with others and is an essential tool for literacy, education, employment and lifelong learning.

Language development in early life

Typically, children achieve three important language milestones in the first two years of life:

Around the age of 5, when Australian children start full-time school, most children can communicate easily with children and adults, are easy to understand and understand others. Young children learn the languages(s) spoken to them at home through every day interactions and experiences with their parents, family and friends.

Language delay

While most children learn language with remarkable ease, this is not the case for all children.

13% of Australian two-year-olds are late to start to talk. Language delay, late talking or late language emergence are terms used to describe otherwise healthy toddlers who do not meet age expectations for expressive and/or receptive language development.

Expressive and receptive language

Expressive language refers to the production of speech sounds, words and sentences to express meaning while receptive language refers to our understanding of language. These terms apply to children with otherwise typical development whose individual differences are primarily confined to language.

Typically, late talkers are identified on the basis of expressive language delay. However, they can also have mixed expressive/receptive vocabulary delays (e.g., not following simple instructions such as "Put teddy to bed" or "Show me your nose").

How common is language delay?

The prevalence of receptive vocabulary delay at two years of age in the general population is unknown. Usually, the term late talker is used to describe children learning one main language: criteria for identifying language delay in bilingual children are yet to be established.

What are the outcomes for late talkers?

80% of late talkers catch-up by age 7, however, 20% of late talkers have persistent language impairment. Language impairment is defined as delayed language development relative to other children of the same age. Boys are more likely to be late talkers than girls at age 2. However, at age 7, similar proportions of boys and girls have language impairment.

11% of children with language impairment at age 7, were not late talkers at age 2. This means that children can start on track in their language development and fall behind later on. Most late talkers do not have persistent language impairment and not all children with language impairment were late talkers.

Our research impact

The challenge remains to identify which children won't catch up, or might suddenly fall behind, so that they can get early intervention.

To answer this, our researchers continue to look at genetic, neurobiological and environmental factors affecting language. For the past 15 years, they have been collecting and analysing data from more than 5000 West Australian children aged 2 - 14 years, including 700 sets of twins. This ‘Looking at Language’ study is the largest, longest and most comprehensive study of language and literacy development in the world.

Our researchers are also looking at:

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50+ Linguistics Research Paper Topics for True Writing Nerds

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Linguistics is a branch of English studies dealing with scientific analysis of the language in terms of context, meaning, and form. While many college and university students think language arts is an easy field, it is quite challenging. English professors might assign linguistic subject areas in semantics or phonology, which might leave you struggling with the pending assignment.

When researching the linguistics subject, your paper must present the nature, classification, and identification tools. Thus, linguistics is a study that brings out an in-depth analysis of a specific dialect to allow readers to understand the subject’s intricacies.

With many languages existing globally, finding an attention-grabbing topic should not be difficult. However, we have listed a few research paper topics about linguistics or English language arts for your writing inspiration.

How to Choose the Best Linguistic Research Paper Topic?

Topic selection forms a significant part of the essay writing process . It is imperative to pick a topic that aligns with the research question for proper understanding. First, ensure you conduct a thorough brainstorming session to develop relevant ideas within the linguistic subject area.

If you get stuck, you can always seek professional assistance online from competent linguistic experts.

TOP-15: List of Linguistics Research Paper Topics

Below are interesting research paper topics about linguistics:

10 Linguistic Anthropology Research Paper Topics

10 Applied Linguistics Research Paper Topics

10 Good Linguistic Research Paper Topics

10 Linguistic Research Paper Ideas for True Academic Nerds

Quick and Simple Guide to Writing a Research Paper

When it comes to research paper composition, many students find it quite challenging to start. But having the right approach simplifies the entire process. Below is an overview of the steps you can follow to jumpstart your research paper writing and learning language arts through literature.

Understand the assignment

Take time to familiarize yourself with the linguistics research topics. What does your professor expect from you? Read the assignment carefully before moving to the next step.

Topic selection

Hard to choose between topics for English research paper? Identify a suitable topic through a thorough brainstorming session. It is easier once you know the paper’s expectations.

Extensive research

Conduct intense research about the good research paper topics for English you have selected. Use different academic sources to get adequate research content about the subject.

Thesis development

Organize your research and develop a powerful thesis statement. It gives your readers an idea of the research direction.

Outline creation

Depending on your paper, design a relevant outline that captures your entire logically. Ensure you have an introduction, main body, and conclusion in your English research paper topics.

Finally, start the composition and ensure your arguments flow without any vague explanation. Be clear and logical in each paragraph.

Editing and proofreading

Edit your work thoroughly and proofread for errors. Ensure it follows all the academic standard rules before submission.

How a Professional Writer Can Enhance Your Academic Performance

Stuck with a linguistic research paper? Peruse the above topics to find the right topic for your paper.

If you are still grappling with the writing process, we are here to offer professional assistance. Our team of competent language experts ensures you understand your assignment through a one-on-one personalized learning approach. Whatever writing help you need, we are ready to burn the midnight oil for you. Talk to us and experience top-notch academic excellence.

Therefore, contact our professional paper writer now and let us know more about your research paper. We are here to ensure your professor awards you stellar grades without a doubt.

George Lynch

Language Development in the Digital Age

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About this Research Topic

The digital age is changing our children’s lives and childhood dramatically. New technologies transform the way people interact with each other, the way stories are shared and distributed, and the way reality is presented and perceived. Parents experience that toddlers can handle tablets and apps with a level ...

Keywords : language development, digital environments, robotics, situated and embodied cognition, learning mechanisms

Important Note : All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.

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language development research paper topics

144+ Research Topics in Linguistics For Successful Paper

Research Topics in Linguistics

There is a wide variety of research topics in linguistics. You can use these topics in your thesis, essay, dissertation, project, proposal, or assignment. The English language is diverse and needs enough research to get the evolution and the diversity of all its elements.

English has been translated to different languages and vice versa due to its widespread reach. When searching for a topic you should consult your professor to get the best guidance. Are you in need of linguistic essay writing? We are here to help.

Our expert writers are proficient in most languages and will help you achieve high grades at school. Not only does it apply to assignments but also all types of essays. We have cheap pricing even with the high-quality work that we offer.

Your work will be delivered fast to ensure we meet your deadline. We will choose an interesting topic, do the research and provide professional work for you. We will make the whole process easier for you.

Sociolinguistic Research Topics

Are you looking for a sociolinguistic research topic that will allow you to remain at the top? Sociolinguistic research topics deal with how language affects people socially. These are some of the best:

Interesting Linguistics Topics

These linguistic topics can help you to do research that will provide top grades for you in the university. These are interesting topics that will make you think deeper about various issues related to language. If you are looking to get challenged, these are the best topics to start with.

Linguistics Research Paper Topics

Do you need a linguistic topic that is not controversial? These are some of the best that will provide the best grades in linguistics. They are simple and you can get your research answers fast on the internet and get high grades.

Language Research Topics

Searching online for language research topics can be a bit hectic. However, we made that easier for you. These topics are easy to research and workaround.

Linguistics Essay Topics

Finding an ideal topic can be hectic. However, with the right idea in mind, you can never go wrong in linguistics. They are broad and easy to articulate.

English Research Topics

English is diverse and getting the right research topics can be a bit hectic. English language is globally spoken and has a great impact on the general society. Hence, here are some English research topics you can start with:

Linguistics Project Ideas

Are you in the university and wondering where you can get the best linguistic project ideas? Finding a topic should not be a hard task. These topics are straightforward and will help you get top grades.

List of Research Topics in English Language

English as a language has evolved. Hence, the need to understand its evolution. The English language is just like any other diverse language like Chinese, Russian or French. Here are some top-notch topics that you can use for your research.

Easy Research Paper Topics for English

Are you wondering where to get the best English research paper topics for college students? People prefer doing easy research projects to hard ones that may take them a huge amount of time. These are some topics that you can start with:

Linguistics Research Topics

These linguistics research topics deal with investigating the influence of language on diversity, evolution, and society. Linguistics started long before and society has a different perception of it. In these topics, you will argue out the influence of Linguistic in various dynamics.

Are You Having Problems With Your Linguistics Paper?

Are you tired of having to research a topic and write on your own? Are you in need of professional writing? We will make the process easy for you. We offer the best research paper writing service that you could ever think of.

No more worries about where to get the best writing help. We have ENL writers that are good at English to ensure everything works out as it should. They will provide custom essays, proposals, projects, thesis, and dissertations just for you.

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Language Development Essays (Examples)

1000 results for “Language Development” .

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Language Development

Language Development Please make sure you have completed this unit's readings before coming to Seminar, especially the article, "The Language Use Inventory for Young Children: A Parent-Report Measure of Pragmatic Language Development for 18-47-month-old children" by O'Neil. Be prepared to answer the following questions: Notes from O'Neil Article (O'Neil, 2007): Researchers studying young children's pragmatic development have focused on a wide range of topics and ages. Longitudinal studies that have concentrated on children's earliest gestural and verbal communicative intents have demonstrated that children begin as early as 9 to 10 months of age to use their gestures and vocalizations for such pragmatic functions as requesting, labeling, answering, greeting, and protesting No standardized test (observational or stand-alone parent report) is currently available that is specifically designed to assess toddlers' and preschool children's (i.e., under age 4 years) pragmatic language competence. How does screening link to follow up assessments? The LUImay also…

Works Cited

O'Neil, D. (2007). The Language Use Inventory for Young Children: A Parent-Report Measure of Pragmatic Language Development for 18- to 47-Month-old Children. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 214-228.

Language Development Svirsky Mario A

his study hoped to prove that these implants were in fact, beneficial for the development of language in young hearing impaired babies. Dependent Variables: he Dependent variables consisted of the actual four-month-old infants who were being implanted with the device. he infants were then assessed for their language development periodically after their implantation. hey were tested at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 32 months of age. Measures/Scales used: With the framework that language development occurs as the child gets older, the researchers formulated a model which gave predicted scores according to test analysis. hese scores were then compared to each individual infant's scores. Statistics/Analysis Used: hese comparisons were analyzed through using a "to-way repeated measures analysis of varience," (Svirsky, 2000). ANOVA provided workable information to formulate a conclusion. Results/Conclusions: Results showed that the infants all still lagged behind in compared to the development of language seen in normal infants, all…

These comparisons were analyzed through using a "to-way repeated measures analysis of varience," (Svirsky, 2000). ANOVA provided workable information to formulate a conclusion.

Results/Conclusions:

Results showed that the infants all still lagged behind in compared to the development of language seen in normal infants, all infants implanted with the cochlear device show improvement when compared to those deaf infants without the implant. Therefore the study concludes that the implants do benefit the development of language in hearing impaired children.

Language Development Chart

English Language Learning (Native Speakers) Stage/Age Language Overall Phonology Morphology Syntax Semantics Implications on reading and writing Practical Approaches Birth -3 mo. Cries, responds to tone, attentive to special sounds, and begins to vocalize. eflexive and diverse cries, coos and gurgles. Verbal play, some consonants, laughing. No understanding Sounds or intensity as opposed to meaning. Music and talk to child Double syllables, MAMA, tunefully vocalize Vocalizes pleasure and pain; initiates speech, reproduces babbles. Increased sounds and imitation Very little understanding Truck red; hungry eat, etc. Use of words and instructi8ons, jargon and jabber before frequent Imitates some words, asks questions using intonation, vast improvement in tone and sound. Stage I morphemes; nomination, Most language is noun based, finger pointing, usually sentences are 2 words. Action + Agent, Agent + Object, etc. (Daddy is laughing, I push the truck) Very imitative stage Show pictures of nouns and ask questions 2-4 years…

Resources. New York: Guilford Press.

Sax, N., Weston, E. (2007). Language Development Milestones. Retrieved November 2013 from:   http://www.rehabmed.ualberta.ca/spa/phonology/milestones.pdf

Language Development in a Young Child

Devel Language skills are fundamental to child social and psychological development, because language provides the means by which children learn about the world and other people. Parents impart language skills cues to their children by teaching coded and decoded messages. Some parental messages are encoded subtly, as with emotional responses. For example, Paulson, Keefe, & Leiferman (2009) found that parental depression impacts the reading habits of parents, which in turn impacts the reading habits of children. Parents who read regularly to their children, but who also solicit a two-way dialogue, promote more advanced reading skills in their children vs. parents who only offer one-sided conversation (Zimmerman, et al., 2009). Furthermore, language shapes the child's social identity construction and conceptions of reality. The importance of language in social identity construction and reality construction is evident as early as infancy (Hoff, 2012). Identity becomes a salient feature of language development as children…

Dickinson, D.K., Golinkoff, R.M. & Hirsch-Patek, K. (2010). Speaking out for language. Educational Researcher 39(4): 305-310

Hoff, E. (2012). Language Development. Cengage.

Paulson, J.F., Keefe, H.A. & Leiferman, J.A. (2008). Early parental depression and child language development. Journal of Child Psychology 50(3): 254-262.

Wells, G. (1986). The Meaning Makers. Heinemann.

A Chronological Sequence of Language Development in Normal Cases

Language Development in Normal Cases: A Chronological Sequence In normal cases, “babies and children, irrespective of the country in which they are born, all follow a similar pattern of development” (Tassoni, 2007, p. 44). The broad language development stages highlighted by Tassoni (2007) are the pre-linguistic stage and the linguistic stage. Below, I discuss the chronological sequence of the said stages, as highlighted by Tassoni. A: Pre-Linguistic Stage 6 Weeks – Cooing In this stage, pleasure is expressed by way of making cooing sounds. 6 - 9 Months – Babbling (phonemic expansion) This stage is marked by the making of tuneful sounds by way of blending of consonants and vowels. Examples of sounds made include, but they are not limited to, da, ma, ta. 9 - 10 Months - Babbling (phonemic contraction) and Echolalia (repetition of syllables in words) At this stage, babies produce a more limited range of sounds.…

Child Language Development Experts Agree

These results are quite striking considering that the mothers come from non-professional backgrounds and had no more than 12 years of schooling on average. Another study on low-income mother-child dyads shows that the rate of vocabulary production is also positively influenced by early exposure to diverse words. In particular, children whose mothers consistently used more varied vocabulary had faster and more linear growth in child vocabulary production between 14 and 36 months than children whose mothers consistently used less varied vocabulary (Pan et al., 2005). These findings support the contention that maternal speech quality has powerful benefits in child language acquisition. A striking feature of the vocabulary development studies recently described is the presence of a loving, supportive environment in which they occur. In other words, the benefits of qualitative and quantitative vocabulary input can be fully realized if they occur in the context of instructive and helpful interaction. For…

Second, parents should start reading to their kids as early as they can. The benefits of reading are enormous, improving both quantitative and qualitative aspects of vocabulary development. Book reading sessions are found to produce the highest number of vocabulary words compared to other interactive activities like playtime and mealtime (Weizman and Snow, 2006). Reading informative books, in particular, generate a high word density in a relatively short period of time (Weizman and Snow, 2006). The frequency of object labels and of explicit labeling (e.g., "This is a tiger.") is also greater during book reading than toy-play interactions (Choi, 2000 and Ho?, 2003c in Hoff, 2006). Further, maternal speech during book reading is structurally more complex and uses a larger vocabulary compared to other activities (Weizman & Snow, 2001; Ho?-Ginsberg, 1991; Jones & Adamson, 1987; Goddard, Durkin, & Rutter, 1985; and Snow et al., 1976 in Hoff, 2006).

Finally, parents must take advantage of mealtimes and playtimes as possible vocabulary expanding activities. These activities are shown to generate as much as seven times more spontaneous, sophisticated vocabulary than reading (Weizman and Snow, 2001). Further, because of the informal nature of these activities, the resulting conversations and interactions are also likely to be more engaging and interesting.

In summary, vocabulary development among young children is significantly impacted by the experience that parents provide. Specifically, this experience includes the quantity and quality of vocabulary input, the benefits of which are more pronounced if given in a supportive and engaging setting. Parents can help improve the vocabulary outcomes in their children by reading to them from an early age and using richer, more sophisticated vocabulary during play and mealtime interactions.

Nature Nurture and Language Development

Nature-Nurture and Language Development The development of language in an individual is considered as an antecedent from the cognitive ability that is found to be enacted from the genetic structure which helps in the retention and effective utilization of language in the early stages of life. However, the external stimuli with respect to culture and environment also play an effective role in the language development. Moreover, the application of language development program in the computers and machines has provided the evidence for the co-existence about the phenomena of nature and nurture for the learning capability. ole of nature in the process of language development ole of nurture in the process of language development Computer Generated Speech and nature-nurture debate in human language development EFEENCES ole of nature in the process of language development The progressive process of language development provides individuals with a way to communicate and express their thoughts…

Arditi, R., & Ginzburg, L.R. (2013).It's wonderful gift.

Gass, S.M. (2013). Input interaction and the second language learner. Routledge.

Gruber, T.R. (2013). Nature, nurture, and knowledge acquisition. International journal of human-computer studies, 71(2), 191-194.

Harley, T.A. (2013). The psychology of language: From data to theory. Psychology Press.

Tie-In Between Oral Language Development and Reading Development

Education -- Oral Language Development Oral language development has the five stages of Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics. All five stages are vital to appropriate oral language and reading development. Furthermore, each stage has its own characteristics and methods for supporting proper development in children of varying abilities. Matrix -- Stages of Oral Language Development STAGES OF ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT Stage Description Utterances Support Phonology 1st stage of development; single-syllable sounds that children use to learn pronunciations and form dialect (Net Industries, n.d.; (Tompkins, 2002). Cooing and babbling (Center for Early Literacy Learning, n.d.), Speaking and otherwise vocalizing in response to cooing and babbling in order reinforce the cooing and babbling and encourage more vocalization from the infant (Center for Early Literacy Learning, n.d.). Morphology 2nd stage of development; simple words are used to form sentences; increasingly uses more complex words and sentences with root words, prefixes, suffixes and…

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (n.d.). Pragmatic Language Tips. Retrieved June 1, 2015 from www.asha.org Web site:   http://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/PragmaticLanguageTips/  

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (n.d.). Social Language Use (Pragmatics). Retrieved June 1, 2015 from www.asha.org Web site:   http://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/Pragmatics.htm  

Amstutz, R. (2012, May 9). School Age Speech and Language Development. Retrieved June 1, 2015 from www.slideshare.net Web site:   http://www.slideshare.net/rosieamstutz/school-age-speech-and-language-development  

Center for Early Literacy Learning. (n.d.). Increasing Infants' Cooing and Babbling. Retrieved June 1, 2015 from www.earlyliteracylearning.org Web site:   http://www.earlyliteracylearning.org/cellnotes/CELLnotes_v4n1.pdf

Development of Language in Children and Adults

The ability to learn and recall information when it is needed is essential for virtually every human activity, so it is important to develop a better understanding concerning how young children differ in this capacity compared to older children when formulating interventions to facilitate this process (Silva & Britto, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the relevant literature concerning these issues as well as what interventions have been proven effective in improving memory recall in different age cohorts. Finally, the paper provides a summary of the review of the literature and key findings concerning how young children differ from older children in their ability to recall information in the conclusion. How do young children differ from older children in the ability to recall information? On the one hand, the world in which very young children live is one of magic and wonder, and countless…

Language and Thinking Language Is the One

Language and Thinking Language is the one aspect, which distinguishes human beings from lower species of life (Faccone et al. 2000). Sternberg (1999 as qtd in Faccone et al.) lists its properties as including communication, arbitrary symbolism, regular structure, structure at multiple levels, generation and production and dynamism. Sternberg assumes that language is most likely acquired naturally from the environment where a person is raised as an infant. The stages seem universal. The first is the cooing stage at two to four months. At this initial stage, an infant seems able to produce and possible phonemes or basic speech sounds. An infant's need to distinguish between phonemes of different languages gradually disappears around 8 months. This is when he recognizes the relationship between sound and meaning in his native language. This is how language begins to have importance to him. The findings of Sternberg's study reveal that human beings are…

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Faccone, Claudia et al. The Effct of Language on Thought. The Psychology 20 Course:

University of Carolina, 2000. Retrieved on November 29, 2013 from   http://www.unc.edu/~jdumas/projects/languagethought.htm  

Hampton, James. A. Language's Role in Enabling Abstract, Logical Thought.

Commentary/Peter Carruthers. Psychology Department: University of London, 2002.

Language Autism Language and Children With Autism

Language Autism Language and children with autism: Sources of cognitive deficits Deficits in language development are one of the most commonly-noted, early signs a child may be autistic. Autistic children often fail to meet appropriate developmental milestones in language. High-functioning autistics or individuals with Asperger's Syndrome usually do not show developmental delays in using language, but may communicate in an inappropriate manner. "Autism is diagnosed on the basis of three primary areas of impairment: social functioning, language and communication, and repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests or activities...esearch on autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders suggests that the social and communication impairments are unique and specific deficits, that define the autism phenotype" (Tager-Flusberg 2006). The extent to which social and communicative impairments in autism are interlinked remains hotly debated. It is generally agreed upon and noted by researchers and parents alike that there is a wide spectrum of difference in…

ABA therapy. (2011). Bright Tots. Retrieved November 1, 2011 at   http://brighttots.com/aba_therapy.html  

Engaging with the self. (2011). Bio Portfolio. Retrieved November 1, 2011 at   http://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/pmarticle/86890/Engaging-With-The-Self-Mirror-Behaviour-In-Autism-Down-Syndrome-And-Typical.html  

Schoenstadt, Arthur. (2011). Language development in autistic children emedtv.

Retrieved November 1, 2011 at http://autism.emedtv.com/autism/language-development-in-autistic-children.html

Language and Culture

Language and culture are inextricably linked. The ways in which one's culture is directly attributed to language development are well documented in the academic literature, though there seems to be little consensus on the processes involved in language acquisition and the ways that culture is manifested in both socialization and language development. One assertion, however, seems widely accepted; culture is a learned attribute that language helps convey to others. Because people use language to impart cultural beliefs and societal mores, the nexus between language and culture is an important consideration in the field of education and communication, especially concerning the varied pedagogical theories of child development. Much of what has been studied in the field of both communications and education concerning the connection between language and culture is attributed to a ussian born educator named Lev Vygotsky. Lev Vygotsky Vygotsky believed that children developed and acquired knowledge through the assistance…

References:

Kyratzis, A. (2005). Language and Culture: Socialization through Personal Story-Telling Practice. Human Development, 48(3), 146-150.

Miller, P.J., Hengst, J. Alexander, K., & Sperry L.L. (2000). Versions of personal storytelling/versions of experience: Genres as tools for creating alternate realities. In K. Rosengren, C. Johnson & P. Harris (eds.), Imagining the impossible: The development of magical, scientific, and religious thinking in contemporary society (pp. 212 -- 246). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Miller, P.J., & Mehler, R. (1994). Personal story-telling, socialization, and self-construction at home and in kindergarten. In A. Haas Dyson & C. Genishi (eds.), The need for story: Cultural diversity in classroom and community. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.

Vygotsky, L. (1978). Problems of Method (pp. 52-75). In Mind in Society. (Trans. M. Cole). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Language and Cognition Is Relatively

Initiating joint attention related to activity in the frontal-cortical system, especially the left hemisphere and responding to joint attention to the parietal lobes. Heimann et al. (2006) found that that deferred imitation and joint attention both influence the development of language and communication skills in infancy. Deferred imitation at nine months was the strongest of the predictors of nonverbal communication at 14 months, but the predictive power increased significantly in situations when deferred imitation and joint attention were used together. ecently studies have been conducted with other areas of cognitive behavior. For example, de Villiers (2007) has been looking at the association of language and what he calls Theory of Mind. Theory of Mind refers to the folk psychological theory humans use to predict and explain others' behavior on the basis of their internal workings: feelings, intentions, desires, attitudes, beliefs, knowledge and point-of-view. In other words, people have to create…

Bowerman, M., & Levinson, S. C (2001). Introduction. In M. Bowerman & S.C. Levinson (Eds.), Language acquisition and conceptual development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Delgado, C.E.F., Mundy, P., Crowson, M., Markus, J., & Schwartz, H. (2002). Responding to joint attention and language development: A comparison to target location. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 45, 715-719.

A de Villiers, J. (2007) Interface of language and theory of mind. Lingua 117 1858-1878

Doherty, M.J., 2006. The development of mentalistic gaze understanding. Infant and Child Development 15, 179-186.

Language Instinct How Are the

Pinker maintains that evolution follows a branching, rather than linear pattern. Many species develop concurrently, each with their own survival instincts. Humans, and their survival instinct of language, are just one branch of the evolutionary process rather than a pinnacle rung. Holding the belief that we can, or might someday communicate with animals creates empathy, which leads to humane treatment of animals. A belief that animals cannot communicate with us due to inferiority leads to a sense of dominion over them. This is also a pattern of belief and behavior that is seen with regard to humans who are perceived to have inferior languages or grammars. They are somehow less human, and therefore less deserving of humane treatment. Pinker states that it is ridiculous to attempt to teach human language to animals. They are not biologically configured for human speech or sign. They have no need for human language as…

Bibliography

Pinker, Steven. The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1994.

Language of Geoffrey Chaucer and Its Relationship

language of Geoffrey Chaucer and its relationship to the development of English In both literature and language, Geoffrey Chaucer made an important contribution to the development of English. In terms of the development of the English language his works and their popularity are related to the importance of the Midland dialect. This dialect formed part of the Mercian dialect of Old English, which was to assume significance due to the fact that it, developed into centers of university, economic, and courtly life. East Midland, one of the subdivisions of Midland, had by that time become the speech of the entire metropolitan area of the capital, London, and probably had spread south of the Thames River into Kent and Surrey. "(ibid) This form of the English language was disseminated and popularized partly by poets in the 14th century -- including Chaucer. In essence the works of Chaucer therefore added to the…

Baugh, Albert C. A History of the English Language. 2nd ed. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1959.

Chaucer, Geoffrey 1340-400) August 15, 2005.

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/C/chaucergeoffrey/2.html

English Language. Encarta. August 16, 2005. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761564210_2/English_Language.html

Language Impairment Phonological Memory Deficits

The focus of academics continues to focus on finding a cause and on developing reliable interventions for children suffering from this condition. It is important to begin intervention as early as possible so that incorrect speech patterns do not become ingrained. In addition, it is important to make certain that other learning complications do not develop as a result of SLI. The research conducted by ice, Wexler, & Cleave (1995) helped to draw attention to SLI as being different from other language deficiencies. Their work helped to identify and define SLI as its own subset of language delay symptoms. This important step led the way for research that explored causality and intervention. SLI is typically associated with deficiencies in verbal skills. However, research into non-verbal skills was also suggested by these and other study results. This avenue will help to further define and distinguish SLI from other language delays. eferences…

Bishop, D., Bright, P. & James, C. et al. (2000). Grammatical SLI: a distinct subtype of developmental language impairment? Applied Psycholinguistics. 21-92): 159-181.

O'Brien, E., Zhang, X., & Nishimura, C. et al. (2003). Association of specific language impairment (SLI) to the region of 7q31. American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (6): 1536-1543.

Rice, M., Wexler, K., & Cleave, P. (1995). Specific Language Impairment as a Period of Extended Optional Infinitive. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research. 38: 850-863.

Sajanrimi, N., Suhonen, E., & Kontu, E. (2008). Verbal and non-verbal development in SLI children after early intervention. Early Child Development and Care. 02 May 2008. Abstract.

Language Impairment Disorder Specific Language

The clearest evidence for genetic effects has come from studies that diagnosed SLI using theoretically motivated measures of underlying cognitive deficits rather than conventional clinical criteria (ishop). Characteristics of SLI Delay in starting to talk is evidenced by the first words not appearing until two years of age or later. Immature or deviant production of speech sounds is apparent, especially in preschool children. Use of simplified grammatical structures, such as omission of past tense endings or the auxiliary "is," exist well beyond the age when this is usually mastered. Restricted vocabulary, in both production and comprehension with weak verbal short-term memory, is evidenced in tasks requiring repetition of words or sentences. Difficulties in understanding complex language are apparent, especially when the speaker talks rapidly (ishop). Treatment Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) help children with the strategies and exercises that will help them navigate language. They are also the ambassadors of language who…

Bishop, Dorothy. "What Causes Specific Language Impairment in Children." 2006. Institute for Applied Psychometrics. 17 March 2009   http://www.iapsych.com/articles/bishop2006.pdf  .

Davidson, Tish, Jill De Villers and Thomson Gale. "Specific Language Impairment." 2006. Healthline.com. 17 March 2009   http://www.healthline.com/galecontent/specific-language-impairment  .

Ervin, Margaret. "SLI - What we Know and Why it Matters." n.d. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 17 March 2009   http://www.asha.org/about/publications/leader-online/archives/2001/sli.htm  .

Development of 18-Month-Old Child

Developmental Checklist Intelligence in Infancy Cognitive: The child shows many signs of normal cognitive behavior. He seems to understand that when he bangs the blocks together that they will make sound and also seems proud of this activity. He also understood that when the blocks fell that something was wrong and said "uh oh." This is a sign of cognitive understanding of what the blocks are supposed to do. Social/emotional: The social and emotional skills are primarily illustrated by the connection and interactions with the child's mother. The child looks completely comfortable around the mother and interacts naturally. The child is able to understand the mothers questions like "where is the banana" and responds appropriately. Physical: The child shows advanced ability to sit and stand as he wishes with minimal balance issues. The child also shows advanced visual and spatial skills that can be illustrated by his ability to work…

AllPsych. (N.d.). Psychology 101. Retrieved from AllPsych:   http://allpsych.com/psychology101/development.html  

CA Dept. Of Educatoin. (N.d.). Cognitive Development Domain. Retrieved from CA Dept. Of Educatoin:   http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/itf09cogdev.asp  

Cherry, K. (N.d.). Communication Milestones. Retrieved from Psychology:   http://psychology.about.com/od/early-child-development/a/communication-milestones.htm  

Feranld, A., Marchman, V., & Weisleder, A. (2012). SES differences in language processing skill and vocabulary are evident at 18 months. Developmental Science, 234-248.

Language Philosophy Advocates Teaching Children

.., 2004). Direct Instruction (DI) is a model for teaching that emphasizes well-developed and carefully planned lessons designed around small learning increments and clearly defined and prescribed teaching tasks. It is based on the theory that clear instruction eliminating misinterpretations can greatly improve and accelerate learning (Stockard, n.d.). ibliography Clowes, G. (2001, February 01). "Whole Language" faulted for U.S. reading woes. Retrieved March 23, 2009, from the Heartland Institute: http://www.heartland.org/publications/school%20reform/article/10248/Whole_Language_Faulted_for_US_Reading_Woes.html Hanson, G. (1999, February 08). Whole language, half an education? Retrieved March 23, 2009, from Find Articles at NET: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_5_15/ai_53744894 Jones, J. (n.d.). Learning to read and whole language ideology. Retrieved March 23, 2009, from Parents Raising Educational Standards in Schools: http://my.execpc.com/~presswis/phonics.html Jones, J. (2004, July 28). What the data really show: Direct instruction really works! Retrieved March 23, 2009, from JeffLindsay.com: http://www.jefflindsay.com/EducData.shtml Reyhner, D.J. (2008, Dec 13). The reading wars. Retrieved March 23, 2009, from Jon Reyhner, Northern Arizona…

Clowes, G. (2001, February 01). "Whole Language" faulted for U.S. reading woes. Retrieved March 23, 2009, from the Heartland Institute:   http://www.heartland.org/publications/school%20reform/article/10248/Whole_Language_Faulted_for_US_Reading_Woes.html  

Hanson, G. (1999, February 08). Whole language, half an education? Retrieved March 23, 2009, from Find Articles at BNET:   http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_5_15/ai_53744894  

Jones, J. (n.d.). Learning to read and whole language ideology. Retrieved March 23, 2009, from Parents Raising Educational Standards in Schools: http://my.execpc.com/~presswis/phonics.html

Jones, J. (2004, July 28). What the data really show: Direct instruction really works! Retrieved March 23, 2009, from JeffLindsay.com:   http://www.jefflindsay.com/EducData.shtml

Language and Literacy Lesion Plan

Progression and Foundation of Language Concept/topic Learning of primary language complements skills development; this includes learning about language, as well as learning other subjects in the school curriculum via language. Language learning facilitates general literary skills and allows children to revert to, and strengthen skills and concepts studied through their first language (The National Strategies Primary, 2009). Curriculum is enriched by language learning. Teachers as well as children find it fun and challenging, and display enthusiasm towards language; this leads to creation of interested learners and the development of positive attitudes towards learning languages, all throughout one's life. A natural link exists between language and other curricular areas, and this enriches the overall teaching-learning experience. Proficiencies, understanding, and information learned through language contribute greatly to literacy and oracy development in children, as well as to better understanding of one's own and others' cultures. Language is also integral to community and…

(n.d.). Anticipatory Set/Hook. Weebly. Retrieved from:   http://ed491.weebly.com/uploads/8/4/6/1/8461140/anticipatorysets.pdf  

(2013). Arizona Early Learning Standards. Arizona Department of Education. Retrieved from:   http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED486135.pdf  

(n.d.). Developing Lessons with Technology. Retrieved from:   http://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/hip/us/hip_us_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/0136101259.pdf  

Huppenthal, J., Stollar, J., & Hrabluk, K. (n.d.). Arizona State Literacy Plan. Arizona Department of Education. Retrieved from:   http://www.azed.gov/standards-practices/files/2012/06/arizona-state-literacy-plan-compiled-doc-9.29.11.pdf  .

Development Issues for Children

Early Childhood Development Issues Module One of Chen's work Early Intervention in Action... presents a number of different aspects of the experience of families raising children who have multiple disabilities. It is quite different to consider these aspects from a clinical or even educational perspective rooted in theory, versus doing so from the perspective of the impact of this situation on one's family. There seems to be a greater amount of difficulty in raising children with multiple disabilities that can challenge a family in numerous ways. Based on the information in this module, it seems almost certain that one of the most exacting is simply modifying one's schedule and accounting for the different people and places that such a child must interact with and go to, respectively, in order to achieve success in life. Perhaps the most vital facet of this module is the way that it is able to…

Chen, Deborah. (2008). Early Intervention in Action: Working Across Disciplines to Support Infants with Multiple Disabilities and Their Families. Module 1. Retrieved from ***

Chen, Deborah. (2008). Early Intervention in Action: Working Across Disciplines to Support Infants with Multiple Disabilities and Their Families. Module 2. Retrieved from ***

WIDA (2014). THE EARLY YEARS: Dual language learners. www.wida.us Retrieved from ***

Assessing Expressive Language Samples of ECE Students

A sample of 25 intelligible utterances obtained during an observation in the clinic, in which Jay played and interacted with his mother, provided the basis for the language analysis. The following assessments were conducted: MLU, DSS, Correct/Incorrect Form Analysis, and Type Token atio. Mean Length of Utterance (MLU). Although oger Brown's five stages of language development differ from the scoring used in the MLU interpretation in this paper, Jay is scores within normal limits in this second version, also. Brown describes a MLU score of 3.0 to 3.75 as Stage IV of language development, which corresponds with an approximate age of 35 to 40 months. Jay has reached 41 months of age at the time of this evaluation, which puts him in Stage V of language development, with corresponding ages of 41 to 46 months. Jay's MLU score is 3.5, which may be interpreted to indicate that Jay is moderately…

Rice, M.L., Smolik, F., Perpich, D., Thompson, T., Rytting, N., and Blossom, M. (2010, April). Mean length of utterance levels in 6-month intervals for children 3 to 9 years with and without language impairments. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53(2), 333 -- 349. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0183) PMCID: PMC2849178 NIHMSID: NIHMS120034

Language Policy and Planning Language Planning Refers

Language Policy and Planning Language planning refers to the efforts that are deliberately undertaken to influence how languages functions, are structured or acquired or the variety of languages in a given country. It is often a government responsibility by non-governmental organizations have also come to be involved in this. Grass-roots organizations and also individuals have been involved in this. The goal of language planning differs depending on the country. However, it generally includes planning, decision making and possible changes which benefit the communications system of the country. Language planning or efforts to improve the communication in a country can also bring about certain social changes such as shift of language, assimilation and therefore provide a motivation which plans the function, structure and acquisition of languages Woolard & Gahng, 1990() Decision making in language planning There are four dominant language ideologies which motivate the decisions that are made regarding language planning.…

Little, M.E.R., & McCarty, T.L. (2006). Language Planning Challenges and Prospects in Native American Communities and Schools. Tempe, AZ: Language Policy Research Unit.

Martin, J.J. (1988). An American Adventure in Bookburning in the Style of 1918. Colorado Springs: Ralph Myles Publisher.

Woolard, K.A., & Gahng, T.-J. (1990). Changing Language Policies and Attitudes in Autonomous Catalonia. Language in Society, 19(3), 311-330.

Wyburn, J., & Hayward, J. (2009). OR and Language Planning: Modelling the Interaction between Unilingual and Bilingual Populations. The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 60(5), 626-636.

Language and Language Practices Language Is the

Language and Language Practices Language is the written and verbal method by which people communicate with one another. It employs sounds or written designs that are understood by others to create words, phrases, and sentences. Other species have language, as well, but it is not believed to be as complex as the language used by human beings (loomfield, 1914; Deacon, 1998). There are many facets to language, and there are nuances and subtleties that are often overlooked. This is especially true with people who are just learning a language, whether they are children first learning to speak or second-language learners being exposed to a new and different language for the first time. People who study languages are involved in what is called linguistics. They may study a particular language, but more often than not they study multiple languages and the construction of those languages. What they do is very different…

Bloomfield, Leonard. 1914. An introduction to the study of language. New York: Henry Holt and Company.

Deacon, Terrence William. 1998. The Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain. New York W.W. Norton & Company.

Kandel, ER; Schwartz, JH; Jessell, TM. 2000. Principles of Neural Science (fourth ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Katzner, K. 1999. The Languages of the World. New York: Routledge.

Language & Cognition the Relationship Between Language

Language & Cognition The relationship between language and cognition continues to be an area of science that is heavily studied and for which research builds in exciting ways (Aitchison, 2007). New learnings about cognition and language are intimately tied to technological advances as neuropsychologists and others probe the human brain ever more deeply and meaningfully (Aitchison, 2007). Language and lexicon. Language is understood to be the symbolic representation of human thought (Yule, 2005). Language is the most complex method of human communication, whether written or spoken, in that it uses words in a structured manner and in conventional ways that are understood by those who speak, read, and write a particular language (Yule, 2005). Language can also take the form of nonverbal communication through facial and gestural expressions (Yule, 2005). The concept of lexicon takes two general forms: A dictionary of a particular language, and the vocabulary associated with an…

Aitchison, J. (2007) The Articulate Mammal: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics (5 rev edn) London: Routledge.

Bock, J.K. (1982, January). Toward a cognitive psychology of syntax: Information processing contributions to sentence formulation. Psychological Review, 89 (1), 1-47.

Williamson, G. (2009, October 13). Key properties of language. Speech Therapy Information and Services (STIR). Retrieved   http://www.speech-therapy-information-and-resources.com/key-properties-of-language.html  

Yule, G. (2005) The Study of Language (3 rev edn) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Language as Gloria Anzaldua States in How

Language As Gloria Anzaldua states in "How to Tame a ild Tongue" from Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza, "Chicano Spanish sprang out of Chicanos' need to identify ourselves as a distinct people," (447). Chicano Spanish is a "secret language" of cultural bonding and binding. This is true for the many "forked tongues" that have sprung up in communities of opposition: patios tongues that become crucial to identity formation and preservation (Anzaldua 447). The dominant culture finds "wild tongues" to be inherently frightening, evil, and subversive (Anzaldua 446). The dominant culture does all it can to stamp out, suppress, and "cut out" the wild tongues that threaten social hierarchy and preserve patterns of oppression in non-white, non-Anglo, communities (Anzaldua 446). Suppressing language is a means of oppressing people. Therefore, clinging to language diversity is a political move. hen Anzaldua corrected her teacher's pronunciation of her name, and was sent to the…

All readings from: Augenbraum, Harold and Olmos, Margarite Fernandez. The Latino Reader.. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1997.

Thomas, Piri. Down these Mean Streets. Vintage, 1997.

Language Cognitive Psychology Language Is

It includes morphology and syntax, often complemented by phonetics, phonology, semantics, and pragmatics (Grammar, n.d.). Pragmatics is the study of the ability of natural language speakers to communicate more than that which is explicitly stated; it is the ability to understand another speaker's intended meaning is called pragmatic competence; and an utterance describing pragmatic function is described as metapragmatic (Pragmatics, n.d.). The ole of Language Processing in Cognitive Psychology Jean Piaget, the founder of cognitive development, was involved in a debate about the relationships between innate and acquired features of language, at the Centre oyaumont pour une Science de l'Homme, where he had a discussion about his opinion with the linguist Noam Chomsky as well as Hilary Putnam and Stephen Toulmin (McKinney, & Parker, 1999). Piaget discussed that his cognitive constructivism has two main parts: an "ages and stages" component which foretells what children can and cannot understand at different…

Language. (n.d). Retrieved March 13, 2009, from Wikipedia:   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language  .

Lexicon (2001). Retrieved March 13, 2009, from Online Etymology Dictionary:

  http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=lexicon  

Lexicon. (n.d). Retrieved March 13, 2009, from Wikipedia:

Language Growth How Does Language

These activities help children to learn the difference between contextualized and decontextualized language. "hen we write, read, and have conversations, we often use decontextualized language. This is language that is not tied to the immediate context. It may reflect past events, future events, or fictitious events. For example, decontextualized language is used in everyday dinnertime conversation, when adults tell stories of their childhood, or when children tell about their school day" (Cartwright, 1994). By definition, reading print is decontextualized language, because children must use their developing mental abilities to represent ideas of things that are not present before their eyes. Thus positive and edifying spoken interactions with parents, teachers, and older children are essential for children to become good readers later in life. orks Cited Cartwright, Kelly. (1 Nov 1994). "Reading Development Beings at Birth." Self-Help. Retrieved 2 Dec 2007 at http://www.self-helpmagazine.com/articles/parenting/literacy.html

Cartwright, Kelly. (1 Nov 1994). "Reading Development Beings at Birth."

Self-Help. Retrieved 2 Dec 2007 at http://www.self-helpmagazine.com/articles/parenting/literacy.html

Language and Comprehension Are Both

Ketch asserts that it is through this natural process that students comprehend and become critical thinkers. Likewise, Pinnell seems to share similar beliefs about natural processes and educators allowing children to explore these processes. The author asserts that "Concentration on skills draws attention away from the normal and self-reinforcing uses of language, and instruction often unnecessarily makes a natural everyday activity seem foreign and stilted. Language studies suggest that efforts should be redirected to take advantage of nature's most powerful incentive for developing facility with language -- the child's intention to communicate meaning to other people, the use of language for a variety of purposes (Pinnell." Both of these assertions support the importance of oral language. Ketch encourages this by explaining the importance on conversation is developing critical thinking skills. Likewise Pinnell enforces this by explaining the importance of language use among children. Conclusion The purpose of this discussion was…

Ketch, a (2005). Conversation: The comprehension connection. The Reading Teacher, 59(1) 8-13.

Pinnell, G.S. (1975. Language in primary classrooms. Theory into Practice, 14(5), 318-327.

Language Is the Perfect Instrument

Consider the fact that the Iroquois are said not to have had a strong word for the singular "I," and that they subsequently developed what was arguably the longest lasting communal representative democracy the world has ever known. The Inuit, whose culture revolves around the arctic world, have dozens of words for snow - this sort of technical knowledge allows quick and accurate transmission of conditions and training in survival. In Western terms, one remembers that Jesus Christ was said to be "The Word," yet in the original Greek this indicates not only a spoken word but also the Logos - the root term for intellectual reason, for Meaning within context (be that the context of a sentence, a life, a history, or a universe); logos was rational order. The difference between saying that a religious figure is the Word (which at its most profound seem to indicate a kind…

Atkins, J.D.C. (1887). Report of the commissioner of Indian affairs. House Exec. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 50th Cong., 1st Sess. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Boston Language Institute. "TEFL FAQ   http://teflcertificate.com/faq.html  

Ethnologue. "English   http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=eng  

Macha, Freddy. "Tanzanian Independence Day Abroad. http://www.unclesamofafrica.com/TanzaniaGuardian.htm

Language Is Fundamentally a Verbal

If language is like food, then the ingredients are its words; the cooking process is its grammar; the nutritional value is its semantics. Some sentences are simple staples like rice and beans. Others are primarily aesthetic, finely crafted, and honed over time like a French sauce. Like the ingredients in any dish, the words of a language depend largely on geography. At the same time, we borrow words from other cultures just as we may borrow ingredients from other cuisines. Spanglish is like fusion food. Some cooking processes are rigid, time-consuming, and complex like proper grammar; others are looser and more flexible like everyday speech. There are some dishes you would serve your mother and others that are too spicy for her. Some language is long-winded and without substance; some is meaty; some is so packed with goodness that you return it again and again. Ascription to the rules of…

Kemerling, Garth. "Language and Logic." 27 Oct 2001. Retrieved June 6, 2007 from   http://www.philosophypages.com/lg/e04.htm  

Schutz, Ricardo. "Stephen Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition." 20 Aug. 2005. Retrieved June 6, 2007 from

Language and Sexuality

Language and Sexuality from a Desire-Based Perspective Anthropology -- Language & Sexuality The broader theoretical treatment of the study of sexuality has long been recognized in the fields of linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics. Historically, sexuality has been discussed in sociocultural studies of language over the long-term. In fact, this work and the research it generated make up the emergent history and the scope of research on language and sexuality. This analytical discourse on the topic of sexuality and language is socially oriented, to be certain, but the it has followed a path of convenience, resulting in piecemeal treatment and an underlying fragmentation of the body of work. Discussion of the desire-oriented approach to sexuality and language, theorizing the motivation and development of the approach from a poststructuralist position. Outline Sexist language Women and men's talk: single/mixed sex; private/public Gender and politeness Peer and classroom talk 5. Public and workplace talk…

Morrish, L., Morrish, E., and Sauntson, H. (2007, November 15). New perspectives on language and sexual identity. Palgrave Publishing.

Motschenbacher, H. ( 2011, November 11). Language, gender, and sexual identity: Poststructuralist perspectives. John Benjamins Publishing.

Sauntson, H. And Kyratzis, S. (Eds.) (2007). Language, sexualities, & desires: Cross-cultural perspectives. Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Macmillan.

Language Is Arbitrary as You Are Reading

Language Is Arbitrary As you are reading these words, you are taking part in one of the wonders of the natural world," begins Steven Pinker's The Language Instinct. (Pinker, 3) In other words, it is a wonder that the human mind is able to create, from need and cognitive structure and instinct, a morphological structure of communication that can change over time from context to context, yet still be understood. It is a wonder that is both natural yet arbitrary in its construction. For the syntax, or appearance and sound of a particular kind of piece of language is arbitrary, even though the semantics, or relational meaning of the language is not. Should you, the reader, doubt this proposition, consider that one solitary letter can mean the difference between an object being understood, in an English context, as a bat, a cat, or a hat respectively. One letter can be…

Frompkin, Victoria. (2002) Introduction to Language. Heinle: Seventh edition.

Pinker, Steven. (2000) The Language Instinct. New York: HarperCollins.

Language Change the Evolution of

The attendant rules for the words may, or may not be carried to the new language. For example, many French words carry their plurals into English, while some more recent additions adopt English rules for pluralization So we create new words or meanings as needed, and we drop old ones as they become obsolete or lose their usefulness. Another way language changes is by attitude. Cultural influences make certain words taboo, so we develop euphemisms to replace the taboo word. When the euphemism becomes widely known, we change it. One example in English is the word for toilet: water closet->loo->lavatory->ladies' room-> rest room ad infinitum until finally, we stopped thinking of this particular place as taboo in western society, so now we use many of the previous euphemisms as our personal taste dictates, and most people understand us. Language is so basically part of our culture that culture is probably…

MacNeil, Robert and McCrum, Robert 1986 "The Story of English" (1986) (mini)

Public Television miniseries.   http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0198245/  

See Language in Thought and Action, Dr. S.I. Hayakawa, 1935 for more on this topic.

Language Arts

Language Arts There is a trend among some colleges and universities recently to cut back or eliminate their humanities major and courses, which includes language arts as well as history and philosophy. This has created a controversy over the importance of these areas of learning. It is not that the decision to include language arts in education is new. Appreciation of such learning stems back to the earliest humans. Among the earliest pieces of prehistoric sculpture is from 30,0000-25,000 BCE. The woman, who had exaggerated female parts, is believed to be a fertility symbol perhaps carried by a male hunter/gatherer as a reminder of his mate back home. Many here have heard of or seen the paintings on the caves in France from 15,000 to 13,000 BCE. Early humans struggled to survive against natural forces, animals, and one another. One of the most essential ways of survival was to pass…

Atwell, Nancie. In the Middle: New Understandings About Reading,

Writing, and Learning. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook Publishers,

Inc., 1998.

Burke, Jim. The English Teacher's Companion: A Complete Guide to Classroom,

Language's Role in Sustaining Inequality Between the

Language's Role In Sustaining Inequality etween The Sexes Although it is disputed whether language causes sexism or sexism causes certain language, language does play a part in sexism (Wikipedia). Given that the development of society has gone hand in hand with the development of language, it is unlikely that the causation will ever be determined. However, whether language causes sexism or sexism causes certain language, it is clear that language plays a key role in sustaining inequality between the sexes. At its most basic, language is a system of symbols used by human beings to communicate with each other. However, language is not simply how humans communicate with one another, but also how humans communicate within themselves. Therefore, if language is sexist, then the actions, and even the thoughts, that it describes are sexist (West). For example, words with gender-based connotations imply that the attributes necessary to perform the duties…

Bartlett, K. (1993) Gender and Law: Theory, Doctrine, and Commentary, New York: Little,

Brown & Company (1993).

Feitz, A. (1999) 'Feminist Scholarship: A Classic Oxymoron?', in Enterstageright.com: Enter

Stage Right.   http://www.enterstageright.com/archive/articles/1099femspeak.htm   accessed on January 5, 2005.

Language and Literacy

Language and Literacy Jeanne S. Chall was born in Poland on January 1, 1921. She moved to New York at a tender age of seven with her family. Jeanne S. Chall was one of the chief educators and researchers in the field of literacy during the past century. The Harvard Reading/Literacy Lab has recently been renamed in accolade of Dr. Chall. hat follows is an account of Dr. Chall's life and work. Chall grew up in New York City, taught there, and received her bachelor's degree from City College in 1941. Due to a dearth of teaching posts open during the early 1940's, Chall took an assistantship at Teacher's College, Columbia University, subordinate to Irving Lorge, an intelligence-test researcher. It was there at Teacher's College that Chall first advanced a fascination and liking for educational research. Chall then went on to seek her master's and doctoral degrees at Ohio State…

AboutTheAuthor

THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT CHALLENGE: WHAT REALLY WORKS IN THE CLASSROOM?

The Guilford Press, March 2000

http://www.markpaterson.co.uk/hieducat.htm

Language of Ordinary People Thomas Paine

Language of Ordinary People The American evolution could not have been as strong as it was if it were not for one man, Thomas Paine. He was the one who supported and fought for it with all his synergies, combined in the written form of most celebrated and valued book and pamphlet Common Sense and The American Crisis, which turned the tables for revolution and brought a vibrant change in the history of America. Thomas Paine spoke the language of common people through his words. This assisted them in being able to rise up for their individual rights. He believed that ordinary people should defend their liberty and this concept was written strongly in his top works of eighteenth century, which is still remembered and read throughout the America as an inspiring piece of inscription to raise the most necessary revolution to change America. This thesis tends to explain how…

"Hope for the Wrongly Accused." Voices for Freedom. 1-21, 2011.   http://voices4freedom.wordpress.com/2011/12/21/hope-for-the-wrongly-accused   / (accessed 7-6, 2012).

Marin., Lucian E. "Free Women from Domestic Violence." Voices for Freedom. 1-16, 2012.   http://voices4freedom.wordpress.com/2012/02/16/free-women-from-domestic-violence   / (accessed 7-6, 2012).

"Together We Can Change the World." Voices for Freedom. 12-13, 2011.   http://voices4freedom.wordpress.com/2011/11/13/toegther-we-can-change-the-world-volunteer   / (accessed 7-6, 2012).

Whittier, John Greenleaf. Voices of Freedom. london: BiblioBazaar, 2011.

Language in Clients With Schizophrenia

" Done, D.J. Crow, T.J. Johnstone, E.C. Sacker, a. (September 1994) Childhood Antecedents of Schizophrenia and Affective Illness: Social Adjustment at ages 7 to 11.BMJ, 309:699-703. Teacher appraisal using the national child development study was utilized to examine differences between normal individuals and those who exhibit adult psychological disorders. "At the age of 7 children who developed schizophrenia were rated by their teachers as manifesting more social maladjustment than controls (overall score 4.3 (SD 2.4) v 3.1 (2.0); P

Harrison contends that there is a growing body of data, though as yet inconclusive, with regard to control and repeatability that shows some differences in brain MRI between patients with and without mood disorders. Interestingly the areas of the brain that are shown to be affected in those with mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder are areas of the brain which control language function, not in its source but in its ability to be transmitted by the patient. This could indicate some correlation, in behavioral indices where patients with bipolar disorder report a sense that they cannot think straight or communicate their thoughts effectively. "The neuropathology is postulated to contribute to the pathophysiology and dysfunction of the neural circuits which regulate mood and its associated cognitions, behaviours and somatic symptoms."

Done, D.J. Crow, T.J. Johnstone, E.C. Sacker, a. (September 1994) Childhood Antecedents of Schizophrenia and Affective Illness: Social Adjustment at ages 7 to 11.BMJ, 309:699-703.

Teacher appraisal using the national child development study was utilized to examine differences between normal individuals and those who exhibit adult psychological disorders. "At the age of 7 children who developed schizophrenia were rated by their teachers as manifesting more social maladjustment than controls (overall score 4.3 (SD 2.4) v 3.1 (2.0); P

Language of Choice Theory and

Moreover, all psychological problems are based on dysfunctional relationships; therefore, change must occur in the arena of personal connections (the William Glasser Institute, 2010). g. What is the role of cognitions or thoughts? According to Glasser, thoughts are just one aspect of "Total Behavior," which includes "acting, thinking, feeling, and physiology" (the William Glasser Institute, 2010). All human behavior is Total Behavior, and all human behavior is chosen. However, acting and thinking are the only two components of behavior a person can directly control. Therefore, a patient must indirectly control their feelings and physiology by directly controlling their thoughts and behaviors (Glasser & Glasser, 2010). IV. What specific techniques are used in this theory? Choice theory is based primarily on "Seven Caring Habits" and "Ten Axioms" (the William Glasser Institute, 2010). The Seven Caring Habits are: "supporting, encouraging, listening, accepting, trusting, respecting, and negotiating differences" with creativity (the William Glasser…

Erwin, J. (2004). The Classroom of Choice: Giving Students What They Need and Getting What You Want. . Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Glasser, W., & Glasser, C. (2010). The Language of Choice Theory. HarperCollins ebook.

The William Glasser Institute. (2010). Teaching the World Choice Theory. Retrieved 03-04, 2011, from the William Glasser Institute:   http://www.wglasser.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=92&Itemid=221

Language and Gender

Language and Gender Women's Words elate to Specific Interests Women Use Adjectives of Approval Women Use Weak Expletives Using Tag The world balks at the idea of gender discrimination, but the fact remains that gender differences are biological and there is no other way to deal with gender issues than to address them openly and seek better understanding. As far as the linguistic capacity and the nature and cadence of conversations are concerned, women and men have been found to have various differences. Acknowledging these and working with them can allow better communication between the two genders so that the ubiquitous issue of men saying "we can't understand women' and women saying that 'men don't listen' can be alleviated. esearchers in linguistics and speech patterns have tried to specify particular features that are different in the conversation mannerisms of women and men. Moreover, women talk differently in the company of…

Bailey, L.A., & Timm, L.A. 1976. More on Women's -- and Men's -- Expletives. Anthropological Linguistics, 438-449 .

Boe, S.K. 1987. Language as an Expression of Caring in Women . Anthropological Linguistics, 271-285.

Haas, A. 1979. Male and female spoken language differences: Stereotypes and evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 616-626.

Kennedy, L. 2011. IBM Names Virginia Rometty First Female CEO. More Magazine .

Speaking in the Target Language Is the

speaking in the target language is the expectation that a proficient speaker will sound like a native speaker. Is this an appropriate or realistic expectation? Not a long while after the emergence of the subject of second language acquisition (SLA), which most of the scholars think came around the time of initial years of 1970s, there has been a need to develop ways by which to measure the development of the second language, aside from the usage of detailed homogeneous skill tests which were mostly appropriate to fulfill other objectives. As per Freeman's (2009) information, the first declaration of this need was made by Kenji Hukuta (1976). Kenji Hakuta was concerned in knowing the path of his subject Ugusiu's English language development over a period of time. Besides the aforementioned practitioners, other L1 acquisition scholars had carried out for the pupils learning English as a national language. In the research…

Bardovi-Harlig, K., & Dornyei, Z. (1998). Do language learners recognize pragmatic violations? Pragmatic vs. grammatical awareness in instructed L2 learning. TESOL Quarterly, 32, 233 -- 259.

Bialystok, E. (1991). Achieving proficiency in a second language: A processing description. In R. Philipson, E. Kellerman, L. Selinker, M. Sharwood Smith, & M. Swain (Eds.), Foreign/second language pedagogy research: A commemorative volume for Claus Faerch (Vol. 64, pp. 63 -- 78). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Bialystok, E. (1993). Symbolic representation and attentional control in pragmatic competence. In G. Kasper & S. Blum-Kulka (Eds.), Interlanguage pragmatics (pp. 43 -- 59). New York: Oxford University Press.

Bouton, L.F. (1988). A cross-cultural study of ability to interpret implicatures in English. World Englishes, 7(2), 183 -- 196.

Real-Time Language Change The Moral of the

eal-Time Language Change "The moral of the story is that if we think we observe a change in progress from a to B, we need to provide evidence not just of the existence of B, but also of the prior existence of A" (Britain, 2008:1). So it is how Britain summarizes his overall findings of an investigation into the origins of a conservative conservational variant in 19th century New Zealand English. It turns out to be the case that the MOUTH diphthong that he was looking into was not really all the present in actual usage as had often been thought. And yet the changes that did not come about did not arise in isolation, which was why they were seen as being movement away from what others would assume to be a standardized language base (Coupland, 2010). Instead, it was more of an example of why it is important…

Auer, P. And Schmidt, J.E. (2009). Language and space: An international handbook of linguistic variation, vol. 1. In Theories and Methods. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Britain, D. (2008). When is a chance not a change?: a case study on the dialect origins of New Zealand English. Department of Language and Linguistics. Essex University. Viewable   https://www.essex.ac.uk/linguistics/publications/errl/When_is_a_change_not_a_change_ERRIL.pdf  .

Coupland, N. (2010). Language, ideology, media and social change. Performing the Self. SPELL: Swiss Papers in English Language and Literature 24. Ed. Karen Junod and Didier Maillat. Tubingen: Narr.

Fagyal, Z., et al., (2010). Centers and peripheries: Network roles in language change. Lingua, doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2010.02.001.

Nheengatu A Not-So Dead Language

There has, in fact, been a great deal of resistance noted in the use of Portuguese as the sole official language throughout much of Brazil; the huge prevalence of indigenous languages still spoken in many regions of the country is one testament to that fact. In addition, there has been a strong reactionary element against perceived outside influences in the linguistic development of the country. Nheemgatu lies right at the crossroads of these issues, and so has occupied a special place in the public consciousness and in the scholarship regarding language development in Brazil specifically, and with colonization generally (Massini-Cagliari 2004). Examinations of the controversy of Nheengatu as it has played out socially and politically in Brazil reveals that the fervor is just as strong in the desire to hold onto the language as a native remnant as it is to abandon the language as a relic of colonization (Massini-Cagliari…

Dienst, Stefan. "Portuguese Influence n Kulina." In Aspects of Language Contact: New Theoretical, Methodological and Empirical Findings with Special Focus on Romancisation Processes. Edited by Stolz, Thomas; Bakker, Dik; Salas Palomo, Rosa. New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2008.

Massini-Cagliari, Gladis. "Language policy in Brazil: monolingualism and linguistic prejudice." Language Policy 3(1), March 204, pp. 3-23.

Rohter, Larry. "Language Born of Colonialism Thrives Again in Amazon." New York Times. August 28, 2005. ProQuest. October 15, 2009.

What is a dead language? (2009).Wise Geek. October 15, 2009.   http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-dead-language.htm

Semantic Memory and Language Production

In the development of language skills the learning and implementation of semantic memory is therefore vital to the central aims of language and communication. The flowing quotation outlines the function of semantic memory in relation to language production Semantic memory is the system that you use to store your knowledge of the world. It is a knowledge base that we all have and much of which we can access quickly and effortlessly. It includes our memory of the meanings of words - the kind of memory that lets us recall not only the names of the world's great capitals, but also social customs, the functions of things, and their colour and odour. ( What are semantic memories?) 3. The stages of language production and semantic memory As has been discussed above, semantic memory is memory that is shared and common to the language users. It enables the understanding and recognition…

Learning and Conditioning. Retrieved July 13, 2009, from   http://www.scribd.com/doc/11255529/AP-Psychology-Review-Part-3?autodown=pdf  

Linguistics. Retrieved July 13, 2009, from http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/3920/?200914>

Semantic Memory. Retrieved July 13, 2009, from   http://www.enotes.com/gale-psychology-encyclopedia/semantic-memory  

What are semantic memories? Retrieved July 13, 2009, from   http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/memory/understand/semantic_memories.shtml

Traditional Methods of Language Teaching

Traditional Methods of Language Teaching The paper discuses the various traditional methods of language teaching, namely: Grammar Translation Method The Audio-lingual Method The Direct Method The Silent Way The Communicative Approach Cognitive code learning The Natural Approach Behaviorist approach Functional-Notional Approach and The task-based approach The paper discusses each approach in details and describes its various chief principles and how it helps both teachers and students to teach, understand, learn, and practice all the skills they learn through these approaches. Grammar Translation Method This method involves the learner to spend a lot of time in understanding the language structure. Though both listening as well as speaking suffer because of it. However, grammar and vocabulary are being stressed throughout the teaching method. The grammar translation method has been derived from traditional approaches to the teaching of Latin and Greek in the nineteenth century (Selected Lesson Plans). It was originally used to…

Benstein, Patricia. Explaining concepts behind the Silent Way. Wanadoo Communiquer. www.wanadoo.fr

Communicative language teaching. Sil International.

A www.sil.org

Capes - History of Language Teaching 2. Club Internet.

Age and Learning a New Language What

Age and Learning a New Language hat is the ideal age for a person to be able to learn a new language? hat are the dynamics (besides age) that contribute to SLA? This paper delves into those subjects using scholarly articles as resources. The Literature on Learning a New Language and Age "…Early beginners, through their longer exposure to L2, reach the necessary competence levels in their two languages sooner to allow transfer in both directions…" (Djigunovic, 2010). hy are very young students especially gifted to pick up new languages quickly? The scholarship shows that younger learners "…have no awkwardness or inhibitions with the new language" and don't get too upset when they make mistakes (Cenoz, 2003, p. 77). As to whether or not younger learners "…soak up new languages" simply because the soak up information like a sponge soaks up water, Cenoz has his doubts. Indeed studies show younger…

Cenoz, Jasone. (2003). "The Effect of Age on Foreign Language Acquisition in Formal

Contexts. In Age and the Acquisition of English As a Foreign Language, M. Mayo, and M.

Lecumberri, Eds. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Cummins, Jim, and Davison, Chris. (2007). International Handbook of English Language

Brain Mechanisms in Early Language

Thus, lessons can utilize elements learned from understand how the brain naturally learns a language to augment the student's ability to progress more efficiently in learning a second language later on in life. Lessons would produce the environment which calls on the same type of brain functions that were so crucial in language acquisition in early childhood. Thus, teaching can become an extension of pre-existing strategies the students have already used earlier on in their lives without even knowing it. This means lesson plans built on a structure that highlights the importance of language at the phonic level, as this is what the author asserts as the primary vehicle for language acquisition in young children. Lightbrown & Spada (2006) also provide evidence which would back up Kuhl's claims in the text How Languages Are Learned. In their discussion of early language acquisition, Lightbrown & Spada (2006) explain how the child's…

Kuhl, Patricia K. (2010). Brain mechanisms in early language acquisition. Neuron, 67(5), 713-727. Doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.038

Lightbrown, Patsy M. & Spada, Nina. (2006). How Languages are Learned. Oxford University Press.

Children's Development Early Childhood Language

esearch states that "As the child develops and goes through the process of assimilation and accommodation, their brain will develop through the natural process of maturation, and therefore their understanding of the world matures and their ability to accurately interpret and predict the world develops," (Oakley ). A whole new understanding of themselves and the word around them is facilitated through preschooler's cognitive developments. Psychologists Jean Piaget places preschool children within the preoperational stage, between the ages of two and six years old. According to his research, this stage in the theory of cognitive development harbors increased language development and imaginative play, hence books chosen for this stage should appeal to both. Expanded memory allows for children to gather and retain much more information than in previous years. However, this rapid new development is limited by egocentrism, where "the child can only view the world from their perspective and finds…

Cooper, Janice L. (2009). Social-emotional development in early childhood. National Center for Children in Poverty. Retrieved October 10, 2009 at   http://www.nccp.org/publications/pub_882.html  

This publication explores the factors which influence a child's social development within the preschool years. It gives clear research findings regarding parental and caregiver influences along with social and neighborhood ones as well. It also outlines the potential hazards and issues of a child who develops within a problem area.

Lopes, Marilyn. (1995). Selecting books for children. National Network for Childcare. University of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 10, 2009 at http://www.nncc.org/Literacy/select.books.html

This site is a recommendation-based site which takes proven strategies and concepts developed by child psychologists at the University of Massachusetts. As part of the national network for child care, it aims to help parents make appropriate decisions for their children regarding books based on that child's age.

Theories of Human Development

Human Development Significance of cultural diversity Theories permit us to determine the world around us coherently and also to act in the world with a reasonable approach. Numerous theories have developed throughout the previous century in western countries that make an effort to clarify how human character evolves, why all of us behave the way we do, what external circumstances encourage us to behave in particular ways, and the way these elements have been connected. A few of these concepts structure their arguments on essential physical as well as social-emotional situations within our very first years of existence; some around the impact involving external influences of our own family members, neighbourhood, as well as culture; a few on the unique learning and also thought procedures; a few on triumphant finalization of precise developmental "activities" at each and every phase throughout lifespan; plus some on the way a healthy-or perhaps unhealthy-sense…

Crandell, T., Crandell, C. And Zanden, J.V. (2011). Human Development. Chapter 2, 10th Ed. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, p. 1-768 .

Daniels, H., Cole, M., & Wertsch, J.V. (Eds.). (2007). The Cambridge companion to Vygotsky. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Eisenstadt, S.N. (1986). The axial age breakthroughs. In S.N. Eisenstadt (ed.), The origins and diversity of axial age civilizations. New York: State University of New York Press, pp. 1 -- 28.

Huntington, S.P. (1996). The clash of civilizations and the remaking of the world order. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Evaluating Children's Speech Development

Phonological Processes in Preschool Children's Single-word Productions The topic and overall purpose of the study by Cohen & Anderson (2011) "Identification of phonological processes in preschool children's single-word productions" was to determine the degree of differentiation in which children acquire single words. In general, in the field of linguistics, there is an accepted rate and pattern by which such words are acquired. The researchers hypothesized that there might be differentiation based upon population subsets, however. To achieve this objective, the study authors compared various phonological processes of speech production that were present in the single-word acquisitions of 94 West of Scotland preschool children with normative data of general language acquisition based upon age (Cohen & Anderson 2011: 481). The research was critical given that such normative data is used when making interventions to improve children's speech production. Thus, based upon the results this could mean changes in the way children…

Cohen, W. & Anderson, C. (2011). Identification of phonological processes in preschool

children's single-word productions. International Journal of Language Communications

Disorders, 46 (4): 481-488.

Linguistics Nicaraguan Sign Language Idioma

The children in Nicaragua did not simply construct a set of signs denoting objects in their environment and rudimentary verbs. ISN is a real language with structure, grammar, and syntax. Since its development in the 1980s, ISN has become complex enough to evolve its own set of slang and idioms. ISN is also classified as the world's newest language. Moreover, language appears to evolve in and out of social settings. ISN is the product not of one master child who imposed his or her own sign language on peers. Rather, ISN is the product of the collective group of children whose individual input becomes integrated into the language. New signs are incorporated gradually as they become agreed-upon symbols. ISN also has unique linguistic features that may help linguists understand prototypical languages in early human development; variations among different world dialects; or the neurological and sociological components of language generation.

Gap Early Childhood Intervention and the Development

Gap: Early Childhood Intervention and the Development of the Disabled Child Children with special needs include those who have disabilities, developmental delays, are gifted/talented, and are at risk of future developmental problems. Early intervention consists of the provision of services for such children and their families for the purpose of lessening the effects of their condition. Early intervention may focus on the child alone or on the child and the family together. Early intervention programs may be center-based, home-based, hospital-based, or a combination. Early intervention may begin at any time between birth and school age; however, there are many reasons for it to begin as early as possible. Early Intervention is the key to achieving the most positive outcome in aiding the disabled child to develop as normally as possible. There are three primary reasons for intervening early with an exceptional child: to enhance the child's development, to provide support…

Bayley, N. (1970) "Development of mental abilities." In P.H. Mussen (ed) Carmichael's manual of child psychology, 1, New York: Wiley.

Bayley, N. (1955) "On the growth of intelligence," American Psychologist, 10, 805, Dec.

Burts, Diane C.; Hart, Craig H.; Charlesworth, Rosalind; DeWolf, D. Michele; Ray, Jeanette; Manuel, Karen; & Fleege, Pamela O. (1993). "Developmental appropriateness of kindergarten programs and academic outcomes in first grade." Journal Of Research In Childhood Education, 8 (1), 23-31. EJ 493-673.

Cooper, J.H. An Early Childhood Special Education Primer. Chapel Hill, NC: Technical Assistance Development System (TADS), 1981.

Understanding Literary Development With Social Media

changing because of advances in technology. How we communicate with each other has changed dramatically with the implementation of powerful and popular social media platforms, like Facebook. Today, both teams and adults spend a surprising amount of time on the social media sites. The question here is whether or not such activities can actually be a positive potential in regards to the growth of literacy and language development. Social media is a trend that is only continuing to grow. It is used by most adolescents and young adults, who are still rolling in terms of their literacy and reading skills. This current dissertation aims to explore how we use and prevalence of social media can actually assist in developing literacy skills. As teenagers and young adults spend so much time on social media sites like Facebook, they are bombarded with visual and textual material. The current research was aiming to…

Ronda, Natalia Sinitskaya. (2011). Facing the Facebook challenge: Designing online social networking environments for literacy development. Graduate Programme in Language, Culture, and Teaching. York University.

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

He also goes to have lunch with the counselor at least 2 a week. Assessments of the Student Some assessments that were used on Marcus were ATMS practices Guided reading Some of the other ways that are being used are pullouts with the interventionist so that they could push him back up to speed so that he could have been ready for the major testing that was coming up Please add any other problem that you think he could possibly have . Student Evaluation The child was able to take be tested in the Task Reading area. (Not good at all will be attending the next session of tutoring so that he could attempt it again) His reading rate is down also please make up other issues of academic's Connection to Theory Make up this info Culture Connection Make this up I am Hispanic also and I worked with students…

Human Development

Personal Journal A person's development includes the changes that continue throughout one's life. Development is usually described in periods of time, so there is consistency among different theories that describe the stages that people go through in their learning process. The most widely used way of classifying developmental periods consists of the following order: the prenatal period, infancy, early childhood, middle and late childhood, and adolescence. Healthy brain development during the pre-birth period is best when the mother has a nutritionally balanced diet, takes needed vitamins and does not abuse substances. When this is not followed, there is the possibility of brain development and behavior/learning problems such as learning disabilities. My mother is a Cherokee Indian who, like many Native Americans, was raised in a terrible physical and emotional situation. She was only 15 years old when she became pregnant with me. Because she was young, poor and basically alone…

Social Deprivation Language and Learning

..set of critical stages for normal psychologic development." (2001) Kandel relates that prior to formal studies being conducted on material deprivation: "...a few anecdotal examples of social isolation were collected by anthropologists and clinicians. From time to time children had been discovered living in an attic or a cellar, with minimal social contact, perhaps spending only a few minutes a day with a caretaker, a nurse or a parent. Children so deprived in early childhood are often later found to be speechless and lacking in social responsiveness." (Kandel, 2001) According to the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities in the work entitled: "Issues in Learning Disabilities: Assessment and Diagnosis": Diagnosis, assessment and treatment must be in the nature of 'differential diagnosis' in making identification between varying disorders, syndromes and other factors that impact the acquisition of the skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing reasoning or mathematical abilities." (National Joint Committee…

Kamhi, a.G. (1984) Problem Solving in Child Language Disorders. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in School Journal. Volume 15. October 1984.

Federici, R.S. (1999) Neuropsychological Evaluation and Rehabilitation of the Post-Institutionalized Child. Presented at the Conference for Children and Residential Care, Stockholm, Sweden May 3, 1999. Neuropsychological and Family Therapy Associated.

A de Valenzuela, JA (1999) the Social Construction of Language Competence: Language Socialization in Three Bilingual Kindergarten Classrooms. University of New Mexico. Dissertation Synopsis.

Thanasoulas, Dimitrios (2001) Language and Disadvantage - Article 70 - the Weekly Column. 2001 August.

Infants Cognitive Intellectual Development

Cognitive Development of Infants Piaget's sensorimotor model provides the stage of cognitive human development showing that human experience consists of four stages of mental or cognitive starting from the first day a child is born to the adulthood. The first stage of human development is referred as the sensorimotor stage that starts at birth and end when a child is 24 months old. After the age of 24 months, a child moves to the operational stage starts when a child is 2 years old through the age of 7. A child moves into the final stage of behavioral and cognitive development at the age of adolescence that spans through adulthood. The objective of this study is to discuss the "six stages of Piaget's sensorimotor development." (Shaffer, & Kipp, 2010 p 253). Piaget's sensorimotor Development Piaget identifies the first two years of a child as the "sensorimotor stage of development." (Shaffer,…

Shaffer, D.D.R., & Kipp, K. (2010). Developmental Psychology: Childhood & Adolescence: Childhood and Adolescence. Cengage Learning

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Abstract This paper explores two fundamental theories that are considered to be worthy guides and reference points in different discourses of early childhood cognitive development and education. Scientists and scholars world over hold the principles established in the two theories in high esteem. However, the theories, though explicably analyzed the behaviors and learning abilities at each developmental stage of early childhood, but have divergent opinions on how those behaviors early are formed. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) theory basically attributed a child development and learning process to self-discovery and natural abilities. Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) on the other hand, believed a child’s learning abilities and mental development are facilitated by his immediate socio-cultural environment. This paper focuses more on early childhood as presented in the preoperational stage of Piaget's theory’s, and the information processing, language development and individual differences in mental development as established in Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. Keywords: early childhood, cognitive development…

the'stages of childhood development physical cognitive

Piaget’s Stages of Development Few theorists have had as strong an impact on developmental psychology as Jean Piaget. While the theories of Lev Vygotsky have offered compelling counterpoints to Piaget’s theories, the stages of psychosocial development Piaget proposed remain salient. In fact, it is easy to combine emerging research on childhood development from infancy to adolescence in terms of Piaget’s stages. As Lightfoot, Cole & Cole (2009) point out, evolutionary theories, information processing theories, and systems theories can all be integrated within the staged concept of development that Piaget proposed. Piaget shows how children develop physically, socially, and cognitively. Likewise, theories of childhood development can demonstrate how children develop self-awareness, empathy, and complex use of language. The four main stages of development include the sensorimotor, the preoperational, the concrete operational, and the formal operational. While far from being discreet stages with strong demarcations between them, empirical research in cognitive, behavioral,…

language development research paper topics

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Language Development Please make sure you have completed this unit's readings before coming to Seminar, especially the article, "The Language Use Inventory for Young Children: A Parent-Report Measure of…

his study hoped to prove that these implants were in fact, beneficial for the development of language in young hearing impaired babies. Dependent Variables: he Dependent variables consisted of…

Research Paper

Communication - Language

English Language Learning (Native Speakers) Stage/Age Language Overall Phonology Morphology Syntax Semantics Implications on reading and writing Practical Approaches Birth -3 mo. Cries, responds to tone, attentive to special…

Devel Language skills are fundamental to child social and psychological development, because language provides the means by which children learn about the world and other people. Parents impart language…

Language Development in Normal Cases: A Chronological Sequence In normal cases, “babies and children, irrespective of the country in which they are born, all follow a similar pattern of…

These results are quite striking considering that the mothers come from non-professional backgrounds and had no more than 12 years of schooling on average. Another study on low-income mother-child…

Nature-Nurture and Language Development The development of language in an individual is considered as an antecedent from the cognitive ability that is found to be enacted from the genetic…

Education -- Oral Language Development Oral language development has the five stages of Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics. All five stages are vital to appropriate oral language and…

Education - Teaching Methods

The ability to learn and recall information when it is needed is essential for virtually every human activity, so it is important to develop a better understanding concerning how…

Language and Thinking Language is the one aspect, which distinguishes human beings from lower species of life (Faccone et al. 2000). Sternberg (1999 as qtd in Faccone et al.)…

Language Autism Language and children with autism: Sources of cognitive deficits Deficits in language development are one of the most commonly-noted, early signs a child may be autistic. Autistic…

Language and culture are inextricably linked. The ways in which one's culture is directly attributed to language development are well documented in the academic literature, though there seems to…

Initiating joint attention related to activity in the frontal-cortical system, especially the left hemisphere and responding to joint attention to the parietal lobes. Heimann et al. (2006) found that…

Pinker maintains that evolution follows a branching, rather than linear pattern. Many species develop concurrently, each with their own survival instincts. Humans, and their survival instinct of language, are…

language of Geoffrey Chaucer and its relationship to the development of English In both literature and language, Geoffrey Chaucer made an important contribution to the development of English. In…

The focus of academics continues to focus on finding a cause and on developing reliable interventions for children suffering from this condition. It is important to begin intervention as…

Research Proposal

The clearest evidence for genetic effects has come from studies that diagnosed SLI using theoretically motivated measures of underlying cognitive deficits rather than conventional clinical criteria (ishop). Characteristics of…

Developmental Checklist Intelligence in Infancy Cognitive: The child shows many signs of normal cognitive behavior. He seems to understand that when he bangs the blocks together that they will…

.., 2004). Direct Instruction (DI) is a model for teaching that emphasizes well-developed and carefully planned lessons designed around small learning increments and clearly defined and prescribed teaching tasks.…

Progression and Foundation of Language Concept/topic Learning of primary language complements skills development; this includes learning about language, as well as learning other subjects in the school curriculum via…

Early Childhood Development Issues Module One of Chen's work Early Intervention in Action... presents a number of different aspects of the experience of families raising children who have multiple…

A sample of 25 intelligible utterances obtained during an observation in the clinic, in which Jay played and interacted with his mother, provided the basis for the language analysis.…

Language Policy and Planning Language planning refers to the efforts that are deliberately undertaken to influence how languages functions, are structured or acquired or the variety of languages in…

Language and Language Practices Language is the written and verbal method by which people communicate with one another. It employs sounds or written designs that are understood by others…

Language & Cognition The relationship between language and cognition continues to be an area of science that is heavily studied and for which research builds in exciting ways (Aitchison,…

Language As Gloria Anzaldua states in "How to Tame a ild Tongue" from Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza, "Chicano Spanish sprang out of Chicanos' need to identify ourselves as…

It includes morphology and syntax, often complemented by phonetics, phonology, semantics, and pragmatics (Grammar, n.d.). Pragmatics is the study of the ability of natural language speakers to communicate more…

These activities help children to learn the difference between contextualized and decontextualized language. "hen we write, read, and have conversations, we often use decontextualized language. This is language that…

Ketch asserts that it is through this natural process that students comprehend and become critical thinkers. Likewise, Pinnell seems to share similar beliefs about natural processes and educators allowing…

Consider the fact that the Iroquois are said not to have had a strong word for the singular "I," and that they subsequently developed what was arguably the longest…

If language is like food, then the ingredients are its words; the cooking process is its grammar; the nutritional value is its semantics. Some sentences are simple staples like…

Language and Sexuality from a Desire-Based Perspective Anthropology -- Language & Sexuality The broader theoretical treatment of the study of sexuality has long been recognized in the fields of…

Language Is Arbitrary As you are reading these words, you are taking part in one of the wonders of the natural world," begins Steven Pinker's The Language Instinct. (Pinker,…

The attendant rules for the words may, or may not be carried to the new language. For example, many French words carry their plurals into English, while some more…

Language Arts There is a trend among some colleges and universities recently to cut back or eliminate their humanities major and courses, which includes language arts as well as…

Sports - Women

Language's Role In Sustaining Inequality etween The Sexes Although it is disputed whether language causes sexism or sexism causes certain language, language does play a part in sexism (Wikipedia).…

Language and Literacy Jeanne S. Chall was born in Poland on January 1, 1921. She moved to New York at a tender age of seven with her family. Jeanne…

American History

Language of Ordinary People The American evolution could not have been as strong as it was if it were not for one man, Thomas Paine. He was the one…

" Done, D.J. Crow, T.J. Johnstone, E.C. Sacker, a. (September 1994) Childhood Antecedents of Schizophrenia and Affective Illness: Social Adjustment at ages 7 to 11.BMJ, 309:699-703. Teacher appraisal using…

Book Review

Moreover, all psychological problems are based on dysfunctional relationships; therefore, change must occur in the arena of personal connections (the William Glasser Institute, 2010). g. What is the role…

Language and Gender Women's Words elate to Specific Interests Women Use Adjectives of Approval Women Use Weak Expletives Using Tag The world balks at the idea of gender discrimination,…

speaking in the target language is the expectation that a proficient speaker will sound like a native speaker. Is this an appropriate or realistic expectation? Not a long while…

eal-Time Language Change "The moral of the story is that if we think we observe a change in progress from a to B, we need to provide evidence not…

There has, in fact, been a great deal of resistance noted in the use of Portuguese as the sole official language throughout much of Brazil; the huge prevalence of…

In the development of language skills the learning and implementation of semantic memory is therefore vital to the central aims of language and communication. The flowing quotation outlines the…

Traditional Methods of Language Teaching The paper discuses the various traditional methods of language teaching, namely: Grammar Translation Method The Audio-lingual Method The Direct Method The Silent Way The…

Age and Learning a New Language hat is the ideal age for a person to be able to learn a new language? hat are the dynamics (besides age) that…

Reaction Paper

Thus, lessons can utilize elements learned from understand how the brain naturally learns a language to augment the student's ability to progress more efficiently in learning a second language…

esearch states that "As the child develops and goes through the process of assimilation and accommodation, their brain will develop through the natural process of maturation, and therefore their…

Human Development Significance of cultural diversity Theories permit us to determine the world around us coherently and also to act in the world with a reasonable approach. Numerous theories…

Phonological Processes in Preschool Children's Single-word Productions The topic and overall purpose of the study by Cohen & Anderson (2011) "Identification of phonological processes in preschool children's single-word productions"…

The children in Nicaragua did not simply construct a set of signs denoting objects in their environment and rudimentary verbs. ISN is a real language with structure, grammar, and…

Gap: Early Childhood Intervention and the Development of the Disabled Child Children with special needs include those who have disabilities, developmental delays, are gifted/talented, and are at risk of…

Article Critique

changing because of advances in technology. How we communicate with each other has changed dramatically with the implementation of powerful and popular social media platforms, like Facebook. Today, both…

He also goes to have lunch with the counselor at least 2 a week. Assessments of the Student Some assessments that were used on Marcus were ATMS practices Guided…

Personal Journal A person's development includes the changes that continue throughout one's life. Development is usually described in periods of time, so there is consistency among different theories that…

..set of critical stages for normal psychologic development." (2001) Kandel relates that prior to formal studies being conducted on material deprivation: "...a few anecdotal examples of social isolation were…

Psychology - Behaviorism

Cognitive Development of Infants Piaget's sensorimotor model provides the stage of cognitive human development showing that human experience consists of four stages of mental or cognitive starting from the…

Abstract This paper explores two fundamental theories that are considered to be worthy guides and reference points in different discourses of early childhood cognitive development and education. Scientists and…

Piaget’s Stages of Development Few theorists have had as strong an impact on developmental psychology as Jean Piaget. While the theories of Lev Vygotsky have offered compelling counterpoints to…

130+ Original Linguistics Research Topics: Ideas To Focus On

Linguistics research topics

Linguistics is an exciting course to learn. Unfortunately, writing a research paper or essay in linguistics is not as easy. Many students struggle to find a good research topic to write about. Finding a good research topic is crucial because it is the foundation of your paper. It will guide your research and dictate what you write.

Creative Language Research Topics

Argumentative research titles about language, english language research topics for stem students, social media research topics about language, the best quantitative research topics about language, more creative sociolinguistics research topics, research topics in english language education for students, top thesis topics in language, creative language and gender research topics, language education research topics on social issues, research title about language acquisition.

Most students turn to the internet to find research paper topics. Sadly, most sources provide unoriginal and basic topics. For this reason, this article provides some creative sample research topics for English majors.

Linguistics is a fascinating subject with so many research topic options. Check out the following creative research topics in language

Argumentative essay topics should state your view on a subject so you can create content to defend the view and convince others that it is logical and well-researched. Here are some excellent language research titles examples

Research topics for STEM students do not differ much from those for college and high school students. However, they are slightly more targeted. Find an excellent research title about language for your paper below:

Did you know you can find excellent social media research topics if you do it right? Check out the following social media language research titles:

A language research title can be the foundation of your quantitative research. Find some of the best examples of research topics for English majors here:

You can choose a research topic about language based on social issues, science concerns like biochemistry topics , and much more. Sociolinguistics is the study of the correlation between language and society and the application of language in various social situations. Here are some excellent research topics in sociolinguistics:

A good research topic in English will serve as the guiding point for your research paper. Find a suitable research topic for English majors below:

Many students struggle to find good thesis topics in language and linguistics. As you read more on the thesis statement about social media , make sure you also understand every thesis title about language from the following examples:

Just like economic research paper topics , gender and language topics do not have to stick to the norms or the standards by which all students write. You can exercise some creativity when creating your topic. Discover a topic about language and gender from this list:

There are many social issues related to language education that you can cover in your research paper. Check out the following topics about language related to social issues research topics for your research:

Language acquisition is the process by which people gain the ability to understand and produce language. Like anatomy research paper topics , language acquisition is a great area to focus your linguistics research. Here are some research questions that bring the focus of the study of linguistic and language acquisition:

While a good topic can help capture the reader and create a good impression, it is insufficient to earn you excellent grades. You also need quality content for your paper to get perfect grades. However, creating a high-quality research paper takes time, effort, and skill, which most students do not have.

For these reasons, we offer quality research paper writing services for all students. We guarantee quality papers, timely deliveries, and originality. Reach out to our writers for top linguistics research papers today!

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  14. early language acquisition: Topics by WorldWideScience.org

    In this paper we use the narrative and interpretive-qualitative research to discuss the role of affordances in the listener perception, interpretation and